< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhtijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Factitive from *furhtaz (“fearful, afraid”) + *-janą and denominative *furhtō (“fright, fear”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸurx.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *furhtijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *furhtijō | *furhtijaų | — | *furhtijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *furhtīsi | *furhtijais | *furhtī | *furhtijasai | *furhtijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *furhtīþi | *furhtijai | *furhtijaþau | *furhtijaþai | *furhtijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *furhtijōs | *furhtijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *furhtijaþiz | *furhtijaiþiz | *furhtijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *furhtijamaz | *furhtijaim | — | *furhtijanþai | *furhtijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *furhtīþ | *furhtijaiþ | *furhtīþ | *furhtijanþai | *furhtijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *furhtijanþi | *furhtijain | *furhtijanþau | *furhtijanþai | *furhtijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *furhtidǭ | *furhtidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *furhtidēz | *furhtidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *furhtidē | *furhtidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *furhtidēdū | *furhtidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *furhtidēdudiz | *furhtidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *furhtidēdum | *furhtidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *furhtidēdud | *furhtidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *furhtidēdun | *furhtidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *furhtijandz | *furhtidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furhtjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161: “w.v. ‘to fear’”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*furxtjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
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