< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to cut, hew, equip”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hawjaną[1][2]

  1. to carry out; perform; execute; fulfil

Inflection
Conjugation of *hawjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawjō*hawjaų—*hawjai ?
2nd singular *hawisi*hawjais*hawi*hawjasai*hawjaisau
3rd singular *hawiþi*hawjai*hawjaþau*hawjaþai*hawjaiþau
1st dual *hawjōs*hawjaiw———
2nd dual *hawjaþiz*hawjaiþiz*hawjaþiz——
1st plural *hawjamaz*hawjaim—*hawjanþai*hawjainþau
2nd plural *hawiþ*hawjaiþ*hawiþ*hawjanþai*hawjainþau
3rd plural *hawjanþi*hawjain*hawjanþau*hawjanþai*hawjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawidǭ*hawidēdį̄
2nd singular *hawidēz*hawidēdīz
3rd singular *hawidē*hawidēdī
1st dual *hawidēdū*hawidēdīw
2nd dual *hawidēdudiz*hawidēdīdiz
1st plural *hawidēdum*hawidēdīm
2nd plural *hawidēdud*hawidēdīd
3rd plural *hawidēdun*hawidēdīn
present past
participles *hawjandz*hawidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hauwjan
    • Old English: hīeġan, hēġan, hīġan
    • Old Frisian: hēia
  • Old Norse: heyja

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*haujan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215-216
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xawjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
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