< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleutaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
The pre-Germanic root form *klewd- seems unattested outside Germanic, but it is likely an extension of the same Proto-Indo-European root *klewH- as seen in Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to stick, hang on”) and Latvian kļũt (“to become, succeed”), especially in view of Latvian kļũtas (“fate”).[1][2]
Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klēh₂w- (“to shut, close, lock; to check, hamper, hem in”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hleutaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hleutō | *hleutaų | — | *hleutai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hliutizi | *hleutaiz | *hleut | *hleutazai | *hleutaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hliutidi | *hleutai | *hleutadau | *hleutadai | *hleutaidau |
| 1st dual | *hleutōz | *hleutaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hleutadiz | *hleutaidiz | *hleutadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hleutamaz | *hleutaim | — | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hliutid | *hleutaid | *hliutid | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hleutandi | *hleutain | *hleutandau | *hleutandai | *hleutaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hlaut | *hlutį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hlaust | *hlutīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hlaut | *hlutī | |||
| 1st dual | *hlutū | *hlutīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hlutudiz | *hlutīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hlutum | *hlutīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hlutud | *hlutīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hlutun | *hlutīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hleutandz | *hlutanaz | |||
Synonyms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hleutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
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