< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hluppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From zero-grade iterative of *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxlup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hluppōną

  1. to leap, run

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlupp- against *hlub-.

Conjugation of *hluppōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hluppō*hluppǭ—*hluppōi ?
2nd singular *hluppōsi*hluppōs*hluppō*hluppōsai*hluppōsau
3rd singular *hluppōþi*hluppō*hluppōþau*hluppōþai*hluppōþau
1st dual *hluppōs*hluppōw———
2nd dual *hluppōþiz*hluppōþiz*hluppōþiz——
1st plural *hluppōmaz*hluppōm—*hluppōnþai*hluppōnþau
2nd plural *hluppōþ*hluppōþ*hluppōþ*hluppōnþai*hluppōnþau
3rd plural *hluppōnþi*hluppōn*hluppōnþau*hluppōnþai*hluppōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hluppōdǭ*hluppōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hluppōdēz*hluppōdēdīz
3rd singular *hluppōdē*hluppōdēdī
1st dual *hluppōdēdū*hluppōdēdīw
2nd dual *hluppōdēdudiz*hluppōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hluppōdēdum*hluppōdēdīm
2nd plural *hluppōdēdud*hluppōdēdīd
3rd plural *hluppōdēdun*hluppōdēdīn
present past
participles *hluppōndz*hluppōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
    • >? Old English: *hlopian
      • >? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
    • Old Saxon: *loppon
    • Old Dutch: *loppon
    • Old High German: loffōn

References
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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