< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *kviliti, *kvilěti (“to neigh, to squeak, to wail”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwīnaną[1][2]

  1. to rush, make a rushing sound, whizz, hiss, squeal, whine

Inflection
Conjugation of *hwīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwīnō*hwīnaų—*hwīnai ?
2nd singular *hwīnizi*hwīnaiz*hwīn*hwīnazai*hwīnaizau
3rd singular *hwīnidi*hwīnai*hwīnadau*hwīnadai*hwīnaidau
1st dual *hwīnōz*hwīnaiw———
2nd dual *hwīnadiz*hwīnaidiz*hwīnadiz——
1st plural *hwīnamaz*hwīnaim—*hwīnandai*hwīnaindau
2nd plural *hwīnid*hwīnaid*hwīnid*hwīnandai*hwīnaindau
3rd plural *hwīnandi*hwīnain*hwīnandau*hwīnandai*hwīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwain*hwinį̄
2nd singular *hwaint*hwinīz
3rd singular *hwain*hwinī
1st dual *hwinū*hwinīw
2nd dual *hwinudiz*hwinīdiz
1st plural *hwinum*hwinīm
2nd plural *hwinud*hwinīd
3rd plural *hwinun*hwinīn
present past
participles *hwīnandz*hwinanaz
  • *hwinisōną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwīnan
    • Old English: hwīnan
    • Old Saxon: hwīnan
  • Old Norse: hvína
    • Icelandic: hvína
    • Faroese: hvína
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvine
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: kvine
    • Old Swedish: hvīna
      • Swedish: vina, hvina (pre-1906 spelling)
    • Danish: hvine
      • Norwegian Bokmål: hvine

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xwīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
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