< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwapjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, seethe, boil, surge”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxwɑp.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwapjaną[1][2]

  1. To choke

Inflection
Conjugation of *hwapjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwapjō*hwapjaų—*hwapjai ?
2nd singular *hwapisi*hwapjais*hwapi*hwapjasai*hwapjaisau
3rd singular *hwapiþi*hwapjai*hwapjaþau*hwapjaþai*hwapjaiþau
1st dual *hwapjōs*hwapjaiw———
2nd dual *hwapjaþiz*hwapjaiþiz*hwapjaþiz——
1st plural *hwapjamaz*hwapjaim—*hwapjanþai*hwapjainþau
2nd plural *hwapiþ*hwapjaiþ*hwapiþ*hwapjanþai*hwapjainþau
3rd plural *hwapjanþi*hwapjain*hwapjanþau*hwapjanþai*hwapjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwapidǭ*hwapidēdį̄
2nd singular *hwapidēz*hwapidēdīz
3rd singular *hwapidē*hwapidēdī
1st dual *hwapidēdū*hwapidēdīw
2nd dual *hwapidēdudiz*hwapidēdīdiz
1st plural *hwapidēdum*hwapidēdīm
2nd plural *hwapidēdud*hwapidēdīd
3rd plural *hwapidēdun*hwapidēdīn
present past
participles *hwapjandz*hwapidaz
  • *hwapą

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwappjan
    • Old High German: *hwepfen, *wepfen
      • Middle High German: wepfen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: ferwepfen, verwepfen
  • Gothic: *𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*ƕapjan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hwapjan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xwapjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
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