< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwakōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Likely of onomatopoeic origin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkwɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *kwakōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kwakō | *kwakǭ | — | *kwakōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *kwakōsi | *kwakōs | *kwakō | *kwakōsai | *kwakōsau |
| 3rd singular | *kwakōþi | *kwakō | *kwakōþau | *kwakōþai | *kwakōþau |
| 1st dual | *kwakōs | *kwakōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kwakōþiz | *kwakōþiz | *kwakōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kwakōmaz | *kwakōm | — | *kwakōnþai | *kwakōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *kwakōþ | *kwakōþ | *kwakōþ | *kwakōnþai | *kwakōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *kwakōnþi | *kwakōn | *kwakōnþau | *kwakōnþai | *kwakōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kwakōdǭ | *kwakōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kwakōdēz | *kwakōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kwakōdē | *kwakōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kwakōdēdū | *kwakōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kwakōdēdudiz | *kwakōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kwakōdēdum | *kwakōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kwakōdēdud | *kwakōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kwakōdēdun | *kwakōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kwakōndz | *kwakōdaz | |||
Alternative forms
- *kwakkōną
Related terms
- *kwakjaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kwakōn
- Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
- Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
- English: quack
- Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
- Old Frisian: *quakia
- West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje
- Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje
- Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn
- Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon
- Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
- Old Norse: kvaka, *kvakka
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*kwakōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
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