< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōwijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *stawjaną, *stawōną, *stōwōną (West Germanic)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti or from *stōwō + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɔː.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *stōwijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *stōwijō | *stōwijaų | — | *stōwijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *stōwīsi | *stōwijais | *stōwī | *stōwijasai | *stōwijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *stōwīþi | *stōwijai | *stōwijaþau | *stōwijaþai | *stōwijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *stōwijōs | *stōwijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *stōwijaþiz | *stōwijaiþiz | *stōwijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *stōwijamaz | *stōwijaim | — | *stōwijanþai | *stōwijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *stōwīþ | *stōwijaiþ | *stōwīþ | *stōwijanþai | *stōwijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *stōwijanþi | *stōwijain | *stōwijanþau | *stōwijanþai | *stōwijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *stōwidǭ | *stōwidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *stōwidēz | *stōwidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *stōwidē | *stōwidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *stōwidēdū | *stōwidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *stōwidēdudiz | *stōwidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *stōwidēdum | *stōwidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *stōwidēdud | *stōwidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *stōwidēdun | *stōwidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *stōwijandz | *stōwidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stōwijan, *stauwjan, *stawōn, *stōwōn
- Old English: stōwian (< *stōwōn)
- Middle English: stowen, stawen, stewen
- English: stow
- Middle English: stowen, stawen, stewen
- Old Frisian: *stōwia, *stōa, *stōja
- Saterland Frisian: stauje
- West Frisian: stowe
- Old Saxon: *stōwian; *stouwian (< *stauwjan); *stawōn (< *stawōn); *stōwōn (< *stōwōn)
- Old Dutch: *stōwen; *stōwon (< *stōwōn)
- Middle Dutch: stôwen, stouwen
- Dutch: stuwen, stouwen
- Middle Dutch: stôwen, stouwen
- Old High German: stouwen; stuowōn (< *stōwōn)
- Middle High German: stouwen, stöuwen, stouen, stöuen, stoun
- German: stauen
- Middle High German: stouwen, stöuwen, stouen, stöuen, stoun
- Old English: stōwian (< *stōwōn)
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stōjan, “to judge”)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*stōwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
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