< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/startijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terd-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *startijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *startijō | *startijaų | — | *startijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *startīsi | *startijais | *startī | *startijasai | *startijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *startīþi | *startijai | *startijaþau | *startijaþai | *startijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *startijōs | *startijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *startijaþiz | *startijaiþiz | *startijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *startijamaz | *startijaim | — | *startijanþai | *startijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *startīþ | *startijaiþ | *startīþ | *startijanþai | *startijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *startijanþi | *startijain | *startijanþau | *startijanþai | *startijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *startidǭ | *startidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *startidēz | *startidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *startidē | *startidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *startidēdū | *startidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *startidēdudiz | *startidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *startidēdum | *startidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *startidēdud | *startidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *startidēdun | *startidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *startijandz | *startidaz | |||
Related terms
- *stertaz
- *sturtijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *startijan
- Old High German: *sterzen
- Middle High German: sterzen
- Old High German: *sterzen
- Old Norse: sterta
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*startjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
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