< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stinganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ- (“to stick”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈstiŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stinganą[1][2]

  1. to stick out; protrude
  2. to sting

Inflection
Conjugation of *stinganą (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stingō*stingaų—*stingai ?
2nd singular *stingizi*stingaiz*sting*stingazai*stingaizau
3rd singular *stingidi*stingai*stingadau*stingadai*stingaidau
1st dual *stingōz*stingaiw———
2nd dual *stingadiz*stingaidiz*stingadiz——
1st plural *stingamaz*stingaim—*stingandai*stingaindau
2nd plural *stingid*stingaid*stingid*stingandai*stingaindau
3rd plural *stingandi*stingain*stingandau*stingandai*stingaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stang*stungį̄
2nd singular *stanht*stungīz
3rd singular *stang*stungī
1st dual *stungū*stungīw
2nd dual *stungudiz*stungīdiz
1st plural *stungum*stungīm
2nd plural *stungud*stungīd
3rd plural *stungun*stungīn
present past
participles *stingandz*stunganaz

Derived terms
  • *uzstinganą

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stingan
    • Old English: stingan
    • Old High German: stingan
  • Old Norse: stinga
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (usstaggan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*stingan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 480
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*stenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
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