< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīnaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”). According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *swīnaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swīnō | *swīnaų | — | *swīnai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swīnizi | *swīnaiz | *swīn | *swīnazai | *swīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swīnidi | *swīnai | *swīnadau | *swīnadai | *swīnaidau |
| 1st dual | *swīnōz | *swīnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swīnadiz | *swīnaidiz | *swīnadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swīnamaz | *swīnaim | — | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swīnid | *swīnaid | *swīnid | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swīnandi | *swīnain | *swīnandau | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swain | *swinį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swaint | *swinīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swain | *swinī | |||
| 1st dual | *swinū | *swinīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swinudiz | *swinīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swinum | *swinīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swinud | *swinīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swinun | *swinīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swīnandz | *swinanaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*swīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
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