< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twitwizōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Unknown. Likely onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtwi.twi.zɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *twitwizōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *twitwizō | *twitwizǭ | — | *twitwizōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *twitwizōsi | *twitwizōs | *twitwizō | *twitwizōsai | *twitwizōsau |
| 3rd singular | *twitwizōþi | *twitwizō | *twitwizōþau | *twitwizōþai | *twitwizōþau |
| 1st dual | *twitwizōs | *twitwizōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *twitwizōþiz | *twitwizōþiz | *twitwizōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *twitwizōmaz | *twitwizōm | — | *twitwizōnþai | *twitwizōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *twitwizōþ | *twitwizōþ | *twitwizōþ | *twitwizōnþai | *twitwizōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *twitwizōnþi | *twitwizōn | *twitwizōnþau | *twitwizōnþai | *twitwizōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *twitwizōdǭ | *twitwizōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *twitwizōdēz | *twitwizōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *twitwizōdē | *twitwizōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *twitwizōdēdū | *twitwizōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *twitwizōdēdudiz | *twitwizōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *twitwizōdēdum | *twitwizōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *twitwizōdēdud | *twitwizōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *twitwizōdēdun | *twitwizōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *twitwizōndz | *twitwizōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *twitwiʀōn
- Old English: *twiterian, *twitrian
- Old Dutch: *twiteron, *kwiteron (possible dissimilation)
- Middle Dutch: *quēteren (attested in quēteringhe)
- Dutch: queteren (obsolete), kwetteren
- Middle Dutch: *quēteren (attested in quēteringhe)
- Old High German: zwizzirōn
- Middle High German: zwitzern
- German: zwitzern, zwitschern
- Luxembourgish: zwitscheren
- Middle High German: zwitzern
- Old Norse: *tvitra, *kvitra
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