Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiljô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *wiljaną (“to want”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwil.jɔːː/

Noun

*wiljô m

will, wish, desire

Inflection

Declension of *wiljô (an-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wiljô	*wiljaniz
Vocative	*wiljô	*wiljaniz
Accusative	*wiljanų	*wiljanunz
Genitive	*wiliniz	*wiljanǫ̂
Dative	*wilini	*wiljammaz
Instrumental	*wilinē	*wiljammiz

Derived terms

*Wiljahelmaz
*wiljōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *willjō
- Old English: willa
  - Middle English: wille
    - English: will
    - Scots: wil, will
- Old Frisian: willa, wella
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: wel
    Mooring: wale
  - Saterland Frisian: wolle
  - West Frisian: wolle
- Old Saxon: willio
  - Middle Low German: wille
    - German Low German: Wille, Will
- Old Dutch: willo
  - Middle Dutch: wille
    - Dutch: wil
      - Afrikaans: wil
      - Negerhollands: wil, wille
    - Limburgish: wil
- Old High German: willo, willio
  - Middle Low German: wille
    - Cimbrian: bill
    - German: Wille
    - Luxembourgish: Wëllen
Old Norse: vili (stem vilj-)
- Icelandic: vilji m
- Faroese: vilji m
- Norwegian Bokmål: vilje m
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vilje m, vile m (nonstandard, dialectal)
- Jamtish: vili m
- Elfdalian: wile m
- Old Swedish: vili m, vilie m, vilia f
  - Swedish: vilja f, vilje
    - → Elfdalian: wila f
- Old Danish: vilje, vilge, vilgie
  - Danish: vilje
- Gutnish: vilä m
Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (wilja)
Vandalic: *wilja- (in personal names)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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