< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sḗm

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *sem- (“one”).

Numeral

Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : *sḗm
    Ordinal : *pró
    Adverbial : *somHós
    Fractional : *sēmi
    Prefix : *sm̥-

*sḗm

  1. one
    Synonym: *óynos

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *sḗm *sémih₂
genitive *smés *sm̥yéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *sḗm — —
vocative *sém — —
accusative *sḗm — —
genitive *smés — —
ablative *smés — —
dative *sméy — —
locative *sém, *sémi — —
instrumental *sméh₁ — —
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *sémih₂ — —
vocative *sémih₂ — —
accusative *sémih₂m̥ — —
genitive *sm̥yéh₂s — —
ablative *sm̥yéh₂s — —
dative *sm̥yéh₂ey — —
locative *sm̥yéh₂, *sm̥yéh₂i — —
instrumental *sm̥yéh₂h₁ — —
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *sém — —
vocative *sém — —
accusative *sém — —
genitive *smés — —
ablative *smés — —
dative *sméy — —
locative *sém, *sémi — —
instrumental *sméh₁ — —

Descendants

  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (sani-, “single”)
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: մի (mi) (< *smiyeh₂-)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hens (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hmia
    • Ancient Greek: μία (mía) (< *smih₂)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *sems (see there for further descendants)

References

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