< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háčaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂, from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).[1]

Adverb

*háčaH[1]

  1. outward, away

Descendants
  • Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬁‎ (hacā)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀‎ (haca)

Preposition

*háčaH[1]

  1. of, from

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬁‎ (hacā)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀‎ (haca)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Ossetian: (“out him, from him, in him”)
        Digor: зи (zi)
        Iron: зы (zy)
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (tsi)
      • Wakhi: cə (“of, from; due to; via; about”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: (/as/, “of”)
        Greek: ασο (aso)
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘‎ (ʾs)
      • Khwarezmian: څی‎ (cy /cē/), څا‎ (cʾ /cā/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/ač; ačann; čann/) (>*hača; >*hača-awana)
          Manichaean: 𐫝𐫗𐫗‎ (cnn)
          Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾcn)
          Syriac: ܐܨ‎ (ʾc), ܨܢܢ‎ (cnn)
        • Yagnobi: ҷе (če), ҷи (či)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (cь)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (cə)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: [Term?] (“of”)
        • Munji: [script needed] (žə)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (že), [script needed] (žo), [script needed] (žə)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Sarikoli: az
        • Shughni:
          Bartangi, Roshani, Khufi, Khughni: as
          Bartangi, Roshani, Khughni: az
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi:
      Eastern Balochi: اش‎ (aš), ئەژ‎ (až)
      Western Balochi: اش‎ (aš), اچ‎ (ač)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ژِ‎ (ji)
      Northern Kurdish: ji
      Southern Kurdish: ژە‎ (je), ئەژ‎ (ej)
      Laki: ئەژ‎ (ej, “from”)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *háčā
      • Old Median: *háčā
        • Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
          • Old Mazanderani: اج‎ (aǰ)
            • Mazanderani: از‎ (az), اج‎ (aǰ)
          • Shahmirzadi: از‎ (äz)
        • Semnani: ئەژ (až)
        • Tatic:
          • Old Tati:
            Old Azari: اژ‎ (až), اج‎ (aǰ), جه‎ (ǰa)
          • Talysh: çi
      • Parthian: (/až/, “of, from, with”)
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫝‎ (ʾc), 𐫀𐫊‎ (ʾž)
        Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭌𐭍‎ (mn)
      • Zaza-Gurani:
        • Gurani: جە‎ (ǰa)
          • → Central Kurdish: جە‎ (ce)
        • Zazaki: ci, zi
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Southwestern Fars:
      Burenjani, Papuni: از (äz), ا (ä)
      Masarmi: از (äz)
    • Lari: هز‎ (haz, hez)
    • Old Persian: 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hačā/)
      • Middle Persian: (/(early) hač, (late) az/, “of, from, with”)
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫝‎ (ʾc), 𐫀𐫉‎ (ʾz)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (MN), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hc)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭬𐭭‎ (mn)
        Psalter Pahlavi: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (MN)
        Pazend: 𐬆𐬗‎ (əc)
        • Bakhtiari: از‎ (äz), [script needed] (zi), زه‎ (ze)
        • Northern Luri:
          Nahavandi: از‎ (äz)
          Balagarive: داْ‎ (de)
        • Southern Luri: از‎ (äz), ا‎ (ä)
        • Classical Persian: از‎ (az)
          Dari: از‎ (az)
          Iranian Persian: از‎ (äz)
          Tajik: аз (az)
          Judeo-Tat: [script needed] (ez)
          Tat: ا‎ (ä), از‎ (äz)
        • → Gilaki: از‎ (äz)
        • → Proto-Komisenian:
        • → Middle Median:
          • Kermanic: (“of, from, with”)
            Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Qohrudi, Zefrehi: äz
            Khunsari: ez
          • → Sivandi: äz, ä
        • → Parachi: az

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*háčā”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 301-303
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