< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/amāō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *am-a-, *am- (“mother, aunt”), a lost nursery-word of the *papa-type. Compare Latin amita (“aunt”), Old High German amma (“nurse”).
Alternatively, Martin Kümmel[1] and Michiel De Vaan[2] suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (“to seize, to take hold”) via “to take hold”, applying a semantic shift “to take by the hand” > “to regard as a friend” > “to love, to be fond of”.
Conjugation
| Inflection of *amāō (first conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *amāō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Past participle | *amātos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *amāō | *amāōr |
| 2nd sing. | *amās | *amāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *amāt | *amātor |
| 1st plur. | *amāmos | *amāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *amātes | *amām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *amānt | *amāntor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *amāēm? | *amāēr? |
| 2nd sing. | *amāēs? | *amāēzo? |
| 3rd sing. | *amāēd? | *amāētor? |
| 1st plur. | *amāēmos? | *amāēmor? |
| 2nd plur. | *amāētes? | *amāēm(e?)n(ai?)? |
| 3rd plur. | *amāēnd? | *amāēntor? |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *amā | *amāzo |
| 2nd plur. | *amāte | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *amātōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *amānts | *amātos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *amātum | *amāzi | |
Descendants
- Latin: amo
- Marrucinian: amatens (“they have received”) (3nd, plu, act, perf).
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂meh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “amō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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