Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paŋdan

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paŋdan/

Noun

*paŋdan

any of the screw pines; Pandanus spp.

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *pandan
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Flores–Lembata:
    - Sika: pedang
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Kambera: pàndangu
    - Manggarai: pandang
    - Rembong: pandang
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Bilba: henak
    - Leti (Indonesia): edna, enna
    - Tetun Dili: hedan
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *panran
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *fanran
    - Kowiai: fodan
  - Proto-Oceanic: *padran
    - Admiralty Islands:
      - Manus:
        Eastern:
        Andra-Hus: pah
        Leipon: padr
        Papitalai: par
        Intermediate:
        Lou: par
      - Southeast:
        Loniu: pa
      - Western:
        Aua: para
        Wuvulu: paxa
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: vadra
        Proto-Polynesian: *fara
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: hala
        Mangarevan: ʻara
        North Marquesan: haʻa
        South Marquesan: faʻa
        Tahitic:
        Maori: whara, hara
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: hara
        Rarotongan: ‘ara
        Tahitian: fara
        Tuamotuan: fara, hara
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: hala
        Nukumanu: hara
        Pileni: hala
        Sikaiana: hala
        Takuu: fara, hara
        Tuvaluan: fala
        Futunic:
        Anuta: para, paa
        East Futuna: fala
        Futuna-Aniwa: fara
        Pukapukan: wala
        Tikopia: fara
        Samoic:
        Samoan: fala
        Tokelauan: fala
        Tongic:
        Niuean: fā
        Tongan: fā, faá
        Rotuman: hata
        Western Fijian: vadra
      - Micronesian:
        Gilbertese: ara
        Puluwat: faar
        Woleaian: fash, fasha
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Lau: fada-da
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Iaai: watr
    - St. Matthias Islands:
      - Mussau-Emira: arana
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Gedaged: pad
      - Gitua: pada
      - Mbula: paanda
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippine:
  - Greater Barito:
    - Malagasy: fandrana
    - Ngaju: pandan
  - Proto-Philippine: *paŋdan
    - Greater Central Philippine:
      - Central Philippine:
        Aklanon: pangdan
        Bikol Central: pangdan, pandan
        Cebuano: pangdan
        Tagalog: pandan
      - Danao:
        Maranao: pandan
      - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
        Mongondow: pondang
      - South Mangyan:
        Hanunoo: pangdan
    - Minahasan:
      - Tontemboan: pondang
    - Northern Luzon:
      - Ilocano: pangdan
      - Isnag: pandan
      - Kankanaey: pangdan
    - Sangiric:
      - Ratahan: pondang
      - Sangir: pondang
      - Talaud: pondanna, pondangnga
- Celebic:
  - Muna: ponda
  - Pamona: pondani
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: panan
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Karo Batak: pandan
    - Toba Batak: pandan
  - Mentawai: padat
  - Simeulue: pandan
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Chamorro: påhong
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Bali–Sasak:
      - Balinese: pandan, pandhan
      - Sasak: pandan
    - Madurese: pandhan
    - Proto-Malayic: *pandan
      - Ibanic:
        Iban: pandan
      - Malayan:
        Brunei Malay: pandan
        Malay: pandan
        Indonesian: pandan
    - Sundanese: pandan
  - Old Javanese: paṇḍan
    - Javanese: pandhan, pandan
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Buginese: panreng
    - Makasar: pandang
    - Mandar: pandeng
    - Selayar: pandang
    - Tae': pondan