Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baṭal-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*baṭal-

to be idle, to be vain, to be null
to become idle, to become vain, to cease

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/baṭal- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*baṭl-
active participle					*bāṭil-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*baṭalku	*baṭalka	*baṭala		*baṭalkayā	*baṭalkā	*baṭalā	*baṭalna	*baṭalkanu	*baṭalū
perfect	f	*baṭalku	*baṭalki	*baṭalat		*baṭalkayā	*baṭalkā	*baṭalatā	*baṭalna	*baṭalkina	*baṭalā

imperfect	m	*ʔabṭul	*tabṭul	*yibṭul			*tabṭulā	*yabṭulā	*nibṭul	*tabṭulū	*yibṭulū
imperfect	f	*ʔabṭul	*tabṭulī	*tabṭul			*tabṭulā	*tabṭulā	*nibṭul	*tabṭulā	*yibṭulā

imperative	m		*baṭul				*baṭulā			*baṭulū
imperative	f		*baṭulī				*baṭulā			*baṭulā

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒁀𒁕𒇻𒌝 (baṭālum, “to cease, to come to an end”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بَطَلَ‎ (baṭala, “to become null, to become void”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: בְּטַל‎ (bəṭal, “to cease; to be invalid”)
      - Classical Syriac: ܒܛܶܠ‎ (bəṭel, “to cease, to be abolished, to perish”)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: בָּטַל‎ (batál, bāṭal, “to be idle, to be worthless”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: በጠለ (bäṭṭälä, “to be spoiled, to be ruined, to be abolished”)
  - Ge'ez: በጠለ (bäṭälä, “to be futile, to be void; to be reduced to nothing, to be abolished”)

References

Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 113

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