Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baraḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bǐrk’-/*bǎrk’- (“to flash”).

Noun

*baraḳ- m

lightning

Inflection

Declension of *baraḳ-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*baraḳum

*baraḳāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*baraḳim

*baraḳayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*baraḳam

possessive forms

1st person

*baraḳī / *baraḳVya

—

*baraḳVni

2nd person m

*baraḳVka

*baraḳVkumā / *baraḳVkumay

*baraḳVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*baraḳVki

*baraḳVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*baraḳVšu

*baraḳVšumā / *baraḳVšumay

*baraḳVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*baraḳVša

*baraḳVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baraḳuya for nom. case, *baraḳiya for gen. case, *baraḳaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *baraḳ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baraḳuka	*baraḳāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*baraḳika	*baraḳayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*baraḳaka	*baraḳayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *baraḳ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baraḳuki	*baraḳāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*baraḳiki	*baraḳayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*baraḳaki	*baraḳayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - (possibly formed as a deverbal noun rather than a true inheritance) Arabic: بَرْق‎ (barq)
    - Hijazi Arabic: برق‎ (barg)
    - Maltese: beraq
    - Moroccan Arabic: برق‎ (báraq)
    - South Levantine Arabic: برق‎ (barq)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: برق‎ (berk)
    - → Persian: برق‎ (barq)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: בַּרְקָא‎ (barqā)
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡉࡓࡒࡀ‎ (birqā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܒܱ݁ܪܩܳܐ‎ (barqā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: בָּרָק‎ (barák, bārāq)
      - Phoenician: 𐤁𐤓𐤒‎ (baraq)
        Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒‎ (baraq)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq /baraqu/)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - (Epigraphic) Old South Arabian: 𐩨𐩧𐩤‎ (brq)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  - Ge'ez: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  - Tigrinya: በርቂ (bärqi)
  - Tigre: በርቅ (bärq)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: bōreq
  - Shehri: barq
  - Soqotri: barq
→ Coptic: ⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (ebrēce) (Sahidic)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

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