Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/živica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃w- (“to live”).

Indo-European cognates include Old Irish bí (“pitch”), Old Armenian կիւ (kiw, “tree pitch, mastic, chewing gum”).

Noun

*živìca f

galipot

Declension

Declension of *živìca (soft a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*živìca	*živici	*živicę̇
Accusative	*živicǫ	*živici	*živicę̇
Genitive	*živicę̇	*živicu	*živicь
Locative	*živici	*živicu	živicasъ, živicaxъ^*
Dative	*živici	*živicama	*živicamъ
Instrumental	živicejǫ, živicǫ^**	*živicama	*živicami
Vocative	*živìce	*živici	*živicę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*gojiti (“to treat, to heal”)
*gojь
*žiti (“to live”)
*žito (“grain, corn”)
*životъ (“life”)
*živъ (“alive”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: живи́ца (živíca)
- Ukrainian: живи́ця (žyvýcja)
West Slavic:
- Czech: živice
- Polish: żywica
- Slovak: živica
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žiwica
  - Lower Sorbian: žywica
→ Yiddish: זשיוועצע‎ (zhivetse)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “живица”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

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