< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Nominal suffix of onomatopoeic origin, expressing muffling or resonant nuance to the specified sound. Exhibits parallels in other Indo-European languages, cf. English puff or English flop, however, no common ancestral origin could be established. Most of the derived terms with this ending were later grammaticized.

Suffix

*-pъ m

  1. From expressive or onomatopoeic interjections, forms onomatopoeic action nouns referring to the respective interjection
    Synonyms: *-skъ, *-kъ
    *tropъ (“stamp, step, dot”) ← *tropati (“to stamp, to pierce”) ← *xop-trop!
    *xlopъ (“knock, clap”) ← *xlopati (“to knock”) ← *xlop!
    *tupъ (“thump, flop”) ← *tupati (“to thump, to plump”) ← *tup-tup!
    *copъ (“sound of disturbed water”) ← *copnǫti (“to jump into water”) ← *cop!

Etymology 2

Uncertain. There have been various ad hoc[1][2] attempts to explain concrete derivatives.

Encountered as an extension to roots in parallel to resembling derivatives with other extensions, e.g.:

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-pos, cf. Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”). Compare Lithuanian -ópas attested in Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”), savópas (“particular”), dvejópas (“binary”), etc.

Suffix

*-pъ

  1. Forms adjectives from roots:
    *sverěpъ (“wild, cruel”)
  2. Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:
    *vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”)[1], *vьrtьpъ (“cave; garden”) ← *vьrtъ (“turn, enclosure”) ← *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)
    *kъrľepъ (“tick”)[2] ← *kъrľь (“stinger”)
    *snopъ (“bundle, sheaf”)[5] ← *snuti (“warp”) (possibly)
  3. Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:
    *skorupa (“shell, hull”) ← *skora (“bast, skin”)
    *gorupъ (“bittercress”) ← *gorьkъ (“bitter, hot”)
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-pъ

Further reading

References
  1. Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “въртоп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 212: от корена на гл. въртя (vǎrtja) и ИЕ. *upo-s 'вода, река'
  2. Skok, Petar (1972) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 2, Zagreb: JAZU, page 204: krljep je, čini se, složenka od krlj i lijepiti
  3. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*glupъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 151: экспрессивное расширение с помощью лабиального элемента -р- усеченной формы от *gluxъ
  4. V. Merkulova (1977), “нецевенье, хорь, сколудина, хмыз, верпеть”, in Русккие этимологии III‎, page 97
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “snȍp”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *snopъ̏ se je verjetno razvilo iz ... baze *sneh₁-p-... Sorodni ide. bazi *sneu̯-.”
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