< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/davьnъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *davě (“ago, recently”) + *-ьnъ, with no certain relatives outside of Slavic. Possibly reflecting an ō-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-, akin to Proto-Germanic *tawjaną (“to complete”). More often compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás (“long, far”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), and Latin dūrus (“durable”) (whence descends English during), which reflect instead the metathesis *dweh₂-.
It is uncertain if Old Church Slavonic одѣвѣ (oděvě, “recently”) is related or not to the ō-grade lemma. According to BER, the two lemmas are akin, but this view is sometimes challenged.[1]
Alternative forms
- *davьňь (East Slavic)
Inflection
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *davьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *davьnъ | *davьna | *davьno |
| Accusative | *davьnъ | *davьnǫ | *davьno |
| Genitive | *davьna | *davьny | *davьna |
| Locative | *davьně | *davьně | *davьně |
| Dative | *davьnu | *davьně | *davьnu |
| Instrumental | *davьnomь | *davьnojǫ | *davьnomь |
| Vocative | *davьne | *davьno | *davьno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *davьna | *davьně | *davьně |
| Accusative | *davьna | *davьně | *davьně |
| Genitive | *davьnu | *davьnu | *davьnu |
| Locative | *davьnu | *davьnu | *davьnu |
| Dative | *davьnoma | *davьnama | *davьnoma |
| Instrumental | *davьnoma | *davьnama | *davьnoma |
| Vocative | *davьna | *davьně | *davьně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *davьni | *davьny | *davьna |
| Accusative | *davьny | *davьny | *davьna |
| Genitive | *davьnъ | *davьnъ | *davьnъ |
| Locative | *davьněxъ | *davьnaxъ | *davьněxъ |
| Dative | *davьnomъ | *davьnamъ | *davьnomъ |
| Instrumental | *davьny | *davьnami | *davьny |
| Vocative | *davьni | *davьny | *davьna |
Definite declension of *davьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *davьnъjь | *davьnaja | *davьnoje |
| Accusative | *davьnъjь | *davьnǫjǫ | *davьnoje |
| Genitive | *davьnajego | *davьnyję | *davьnajego |
| Locative | *davьnějemь | *davьněji | *davьnějemь |
| Dative | *davьnujemu | *davьněji | *davьnujemu |
| Instrumental | *davьnyjimi | *davьnǫjǫ | *davьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *davьnъjь | *davьnaja | *davьnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *davьnaja | *davьněji | *davьněji |
| Accusative | *davьnaja | *davьněji | *davьněji |
| Genitive | *davьnuju | *davьnuju | *davьnuju |
| Locative | *davьnuju | *davьnuju | *davьnuju |
| Dative | *davьnyjima | *davьnyjima | *davьnyjima |
| Instrumental | *davьnyjima | *davьnyjima | *davьnyjima |
| Vocative | *davьnaja | *davьněji | *davьněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *davьniji | *davьnyję | *davьnaja |
| Accusative | *davьnyję | *davьnyję | *davьnaja |
| Genitive | *davьnъjixъ | *davьnъjixъ | *davьnъjixъ |
| Locative | *davьnyjixъ | *davьnyjixъ | *davьnyjixъ |
| Dative | *davьnyjimъ | *davьnyjimъ | *davьnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *davьnyjimi | *davьnyjimi | *davьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *davьniji | *davьnyję | *davьnaja |
Related terms
- *oděvě (“recently”) (possibly)
Derived terms
- *davьnostь (“remoteness, limitation”)
- *davьnina (“antiquity”)
- *otъdavьna (“since/from long ago”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “да́вний”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*davě”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 198
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*davьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 200
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “давно”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 312
References
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “одеве”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 796
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*davьnъ; *davьņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97: “adj. o ‘ancient, past’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “dav-”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ancient (PR 136)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “dáven”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*dávьnъ”
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