< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lopata
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *lopъ (“leaf”) + *-ata. Cognate with Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”).
Declension
Declension of *lopàta (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *lopàta | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
| Accusative | *lopàtǫ | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
| Genitive | *lopàty | *lopàtu | *lopàtъ |
| Locative | *lopàtě | *lopàtu | *lopàtasъ, *lopàtaxъ* |
| Dative | *lopàtě | *lopàtama | *lopàtamъ |
| Instrumental | *lopàtojǫ, *lopàtǭ** | *lopàtama | *lopàtamī |
| Vocative | *lopàto | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *lopastь
- *lopatь
- *lopěnъ
- *lopuxъ/*lopuxa
- *lopunъ
- *lopurъ
Derived terms
Derived terms
- *lopatarjь
- *lopatastъ
- *lopatati
- *lopatica
- *lopatina
- *lopatinъ
- *lopatistъjь
- *lopatišče
- *lopatiti
- *lopatonogъjь
- *lopatovъ
- *lopatъka
- *lopatъkъ
- *lopatь
- *lopatьcь
- *lopatьnъ
- *lopatьnjь
- *lopatьskъjь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lopata”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 39
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “лопата”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “lopeta”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lopàta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285: “f. ā ‘spade, shovel’”
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