< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti +‎ *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).

Banaszkiewicz et al.[1] suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).

Szemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).[2]

Noun

*porà f[3]

  1. (perhaps originally) thrust, push, force
  2. (by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload
  3. (abstract) time period, passage of time
    Synonyms: *vermę, *časъ, *rokъ

Declension
Declension of *porà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *porà *pȍrě *pȍry
Accusative *pȍrǫ *pȍrě *pȍry
Genitive *porý *porù *pòrъ
Locative *pȍrě *porù *poràsъ, *poràxъ*
Dative *porě̀ *poràma *poràmъ
Instrumental *porojǫ́ *poràma *poràmi
Vocative *poro *pȍrě *pȍry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms
  • *porьnъ
    • >? *sъporьnъ (“prolific, productive”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ)
  • *-porъ
    • *naporъ (“push, charge”)
    • *orzporъ (“disruption”)
    • *otъporъ (“resistance”)
    • *perporъ (“motion, propagation”)
    • *sъporъ (“conflict”)
    • *uporъ (“strike”)
    • *zaporъ (“distraint”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)
    • Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

References
  1. Banaszkiewicz, Jacek (1996), “Pan Rugii - Rugiewit i jego towarzysze z Gardźca: Porewit i Porenut (Saxo Gramatyk, Gesta Danorum XIV, 39,38-41)”, in Słowiańszczyzna w Europie średniowiecznej, volume 1, WERK, →ISBN, pages 75–82
  2. Szemerényi, Oswald (1967), “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in , В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), issue 4, page 22
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “pora pory”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (godt) tidspunkt (PR 138)”
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