< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/těsnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *těskъ (“pressing”) + *-nъ with loss of *-k- between *s and *n (compare Proto-Slavic *ěsnъ (“clear”)). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂y- (“to dunk, to knead”), akin to Proto-Slavic *tajati (“to melt, to precipitate”).
Alternative forms
- *těsьnъ (reanalyzed in later times)
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *těsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *těsnъ | *těsna | *těsno |
| Accusative | *těsnъ | *těsnǫ | *těsno |
| Genitive | *těsna | *těsny | *těsna |
| Locative | *těsně | *těsně | *těsně |
| Dative | *těsnu | *těsně | *těsnu |
| Instrumental | *těsnomь | *těsnojǫ | *těsnomь |
| Vocative | *těsne | *těsno | *těsno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| Accusative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| Genitive | *těsnu | *těsnu | *těsnu |
| Locative | *těsnu | *těsnu | *těsnu |
| Dative | *těsnoma | *těsnama | *těsnoma |
| Instrumental | *těsnoma | *těsnama | *těsnoma |
| Vocative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *těsni | *těsny | *těsna |
| Accusative | *těsny | *těsny | *těsna |
| Genitive | *těsnъ | *těsnъ | *těsnъ |
| Locative | *těsněxъ | *těsnaxъ | *těsněxъ |
| Dative | *těsnomъ | *těsnamъ | *těsnomъ |
| Instrumental | *těsny | *těsnami | *těsny |
| Vocative | *těsni | *těsny | *těsna |
Definite declension of *těsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *těsnъjь | *těsnaja | *těsnoje |
| Accusative | *těsnъjь | *těsnǫjǫ | *těsnoje |
| Genitive | *těsnajego | *těsnyję | *těsnajego |
| Locative | *těsnějemь | *těsněji | *těsnějemь |
| Dative | *těsnujemu | *těsněji | *těsnujemu |
| Instrumental | *těsnyjimi | *těsnǫjǫ | *těsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *těsnъjь | *těsnaja | *těsnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| Accusative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| Genitive | *těsnuju | *těsnuju | *těsnuju |
| Locative | *těsnuju | *těsnuju | *těsnuju |
| Dative | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima |
| Instrumental | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima |
| Vocative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *těsniji | *těsnyję | *těsnaja |
| Accusative | *těsnyję | *těsnyję | *těsnaja |
| Genitive | *těsnъjixъ | *těsnъjixъ | *těsnъjixъ |
| Locative | *těsnyjixъ | *těsnyjixъ | *těsnyjixъ |
| Dative | *těsnyjimъ | *těsnyjimъ | *těsnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *těsnyjimi | *těsnyjimi | *těsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *těsniji | *těsnyję | *těsnaja |
Derived terms
- *těsniti (“to narrow, to squeeze”)
- *těsnoba, *těsnina, *těsnota (“narrowness”)
Descendants
- East Slavic: тѣснъ (těsnŭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “те́сный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*těsnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “tesen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tě̑snъ”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “těsnъ těsna těsno”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tæt (PR 138)”
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