Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tylъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *tyti (“to fatten”) +‎ *-lъ, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, to be strong”). Akin to Lithuanian tū́las (“several”), Old Prussian tūlan (“much”) and possibly Sanskrit तूल (tūla, “tuft of grass or reeds”), Ancient Greek τῡ́λη (tū́lē, “hump, bulge”).

Noun

*tỳlъ m[1][2]

back of the neck, nape

Alternative forms

*tylo n

Inflection

Declension of *tylъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*tylъ	*tỳla	*tỳli
Accusative	*tylъ	*tỳla	*tỳly
Genitive	*tỳla	*tỳlu	*tỳlъ
Locative	*tỳlě	*tỳlu	*tỳlě̄xъ
Dative	*tỳlu	*tỳloma	*tỳlomъ
Instrumental	tỳlъmь, tỳlomь^*	*tỳloma	*tỳlȳ
Vocative	*tỳle	*tỳla	*tỳli

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*tylьnъ
*tylovъ

Related terms

*toviti (“to get fat”)
*tysǫti (“thousand”)
*tukъ (“fat”)
- *tučьnъ (“fat, lush”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тылъ (tylŭ)
  - Russian: тыл (tyl)
  - Ukrainian: тил (tyl)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: тылъ (tylŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱅⱏⰹⰾⱏ (tylŭ)
- Bulgarian: ти́л (tíl)
- Macedonian: тил (til)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  ⇒ Cyrillic: за̀тиљак, по̀тиљак
  
  ⇒ Latin: zàtiljak, pòtiljak
- Slovene: tȋl (obsolete)
  - ⇒ Slovene: tȋlnik (“cervix”)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: týl
  - Czech: týl
- Old Polish: tył
  - Polish: tył
- Slovak: tylo n
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: tуɫ
  - Lower Sorbian: tуɫ, tуɫo n

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tỳlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 503: “m. o (a) ‘back of the neck’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “tylъ tyla”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (sek. tylo) (NA 115, 133, 143; SA 23); c (RPT 98) back of the head”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tỳlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 503: “m. o (a) ‘back of the neck’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “tylъ tyla”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (sek. tylo) (NA 115, 133, 143; SA 23); c (RPT 98) back of the head”