< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xybati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to *xybъ (“wobble”) +‎ *-ati. Traditionally viewed as cognate with Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati, “to shake, be agitated”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-.

Compare also Lithuanian sūbóti (“to swing”) (also compared with synonymous Proto-Slavic *zybati), Proto-Germanic *skupjaną (“to scoff; to skip”).

Verb

*xybàti impf (perfective *xybnǫti)[1][2]

  1. to sway, to make unsteady, to perturb

Inflection
Conjugation of *xybati, *xyba, *xybajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*xybanьje *xybati *xybatъ *xybalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *xybanъ *xybajemъ
Active *xybavъ *xybaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *xybaxъ*xyba*xyba *xybajǫ*xybaješi*xybajetь
Dual *xybaxově*xybasta*xybaste *xybajevě*xybajeta*xybajete
Plural *xybaxomъ*xybaste*xybašę *xybajemъ*xybajete*xybajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *xybaaxъ*xybaaše*xybaaše —*xybaji*xybaji
Dual *xybaaxově*xybaašeta*xybaašete *xybajivě*xybajita—
Plural *xybaaxomъ*xybaašete*xybaaxǫ *xybajimъ*xybajite—

Derived terms
  • *xybadlo (“pendelum”)
  • *xybьstvo (“tumult, commotion”)
  • *xybiti, *xyběti (“to swindle, to confuse”)
    • *xyba (“fault, mistake”)
    • *xybina (“confusion, error”)
  • *xybъkъ (“perturbed”)
  • *šibati (“to beat, to whip”)
  • *xvěti (“to sway”) (possibly)
  • *zybati (“to rock, to oscillate”) (possibly)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: хиба́ть (xibátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: хиба́ти (xybáty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Slovene: híbati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: chybati
    • Polish: chybać (obsolete, dialectal)
    • Slovak: chýbať
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: chybaś
      • Upper Sorbian: chybać

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xybati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 207: “v. ‘sway’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “híba”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xyba̋ti”
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