Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yǖŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

**Proto-Turkic cardinal numbers**
< 90	100	1000 >
Cardinal : yǖŕ Ordinal* : *yǖŕünčü

Numeral

*yǖŕ

hundred

Descendants

→ Proto-Samoyedic:
- Nganasan дир (dir)
- Nenets юр” (yurʔ)
Oghur:
- Bulgar: جُور‎ (cǖr)
  - Chuvash: ҫӗр (śĕr)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yü̂z
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yüz
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوز‎ (yüz)
    - Turkish: yüz
    - Gagauz: yüz
- Turkmen: ýüz
- Salar: [script needed] (yüz)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يُوزْ‎ (yǖz)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yüz)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
      - Uzbek: yuz
      - Uyghur: يۈز‎ (yüz)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yüz)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yüz
  - Karachay-Balkar: жюз (jüz)
  - Kumyk: юз (yuz)
  - Karaim:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йөҙ (yöð)
  - Tatar: йөз (yöz)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
    - Karakalpak júz
    - Nogai юз (yuz)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
    - Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
    - Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
Siberian
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕‎ (yüz)
  - Yenisei: 𐰙𐰇𐰕‎ (yüz)
  - Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
  - Yakut: сүүс (süüs)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: чүс (çüs)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: чӱс (çüs)
    - Shor: чӱс
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (yöz), [script needed] (yuz)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *nixür (“face”), see Mongolian нүүр (nüür). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yǖŕ

(anatomy) face

Declension

Declension of *yǖŕ

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yǖŕ
Accusative	yǖŕnü, yǖŕnüg ¹⁾
Genitive	*yǖŕnüŋ
Dative	*yǖŕke
Locative	*yǖŕte
Ablative	*yǖŕten
Instrumental ²⁾	*yǖŕün
Equative ²⁾	*yǖŕče

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Medieval
- Karakhanid: يُوزْ‎ (yǖz)
- Old Turkic
  - Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕‎ (yüz)
  - Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
- Khorezmian: [script needed] (yüz)
Arghu:
- Khalaj: yîz
Oghuz
- West Oghuz
  - Azerbaijani: üz
  - Gagauz: yüz
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوز‎ (yüz)
    - Turkish: yüz
- Salar
  - Salar: [script needed] (yüz), [script needed] (yiz)
- East Oghuz
  - Turkmen: ýüz
Kipchak
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: yüz
  - Kumyk: юз (yuz)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: йөҙ (yöð)
  - Tatar: йөз (yöz)
- South Kipchak
  - Caspian
    - Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
    - Karakalpak ju'z
    - Nogai юз (yuz)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
    - Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
    - Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Uzbek: yuz
  - Uyghur: يۈز‎ (yüz)
Siberian
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
  - Yakut: сүүс (süüs)
- South Siberian
  - Western Yugur: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Yenisei Turkic
    - Khakas: чӱс (çüs)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*nī́bŕo”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jǖŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “yü:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 982

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