Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hafr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hafraz.

Noun

*hafr m[1]

male goat

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hafr
Genitive	*hafras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hafr	hafrō, hafrōs
Accusative	*hafr	*hafrā
Genitive	*hafras	*hafrō
Dative	*hafrē	*hafrum
Instrumental	*hafru	*hafrum

Descendants

Old English: hæfer
Old Saxon: *havar
- ⇒ Middle Low German: hāverbuk, hāverbok
Old High German: *habar
- Middle High German: *haber
  - ⇒ German: Habergeiß (“folkloric caprine demon”) (dialectal)

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 147: “PWGmc *hafr”

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[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 147: “PWGmc *hafr”