< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harwijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *haru (“bitter”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*harwijan

  1. to make bitter
  2. to scorn, to mock

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *harwijan
1st sg. past *harwidā
Infinitive *harwijan
Genitive infin. *harwijannjas
Dative infin. *harwijannjē
Instrum. infin. *harwijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *harwiju *harwidā
2nd singular *harwisi *harwidēs, *harwidōs
3rd singular *harwiþi *harwidē, *harwidā
1st plural *harwijum *harwidum
2nd plural *harwiþ *harwidud
3rd plural *harwijanþ *harwidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *harwijē *harwidī
2nd singular *harwijēs *harwidī
3rd singular *harwijē *harwidī
1st plural *harwijēm *harwidīm
2nd plural *harwijēþ *harwidīd
3rd plural *harwijēn *harwidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *harwi
Plural *harwiþ
Present Past
Participle *harwijandī *harwid

Descendants
  • Old English: hierwan, herwan, hyrwan
  • Old Frisian:
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferheere
  • Old Saxon: *herwian

References
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*harwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213: “*harwjan-”
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