Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skappjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *skapjaną.

Verb

*skappjan[1]

to make, to create

Inflection

*skapiþi, *skōp, *skōpun, *skapan

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

*skap

Descendants

Old English: sċieppan, sċyppan, sċippan
- Middle English: scheppen, schippen, schappen, schapen
  - English: shape
  - Scots: schape, schaipe
Old Frisian: skeppa
- Saterland Frisian: skäppe, schäppe
- West Frisian: skeppe
Old Saxon: skeppian
- Middle Low German: scheppen
  - Low German: schapen
Old Dutch: skeppen
- Middle Dutch: scheppen
  - Dutch: scheppen
  - Limburgish: sjape
Old High German: scafan, skaffan, scaphan, skepfen, scephen
- Middle High German: schaffen, schepfen
  - Alemannic German: schaffe
    Swabian: schaffa
  - German: schöpfen (archaic), schaffen
    - → Low German: schaffen
    - → Dutch: schaffen
    - → Saterland Frisian: skafje, schafje
    - → Danish: skaffe
    - → Faroese: skaffa
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: skaffe
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: skaffe, skaffa
    - → Swedish: skaffa
  - Luxembourgish: schafen
  - Yiddish: שעפּן‎ (shepn)

Etymology 2

From *skap (“hollow object, barrel, cup”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*skappjan

to hollow out
to scoop
to dig

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*skappjan
1st sg. past	*skapidā
Infinitive	*skappjan
Genitive infin.	*skappjannjas
Dative infin.	*skappjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*skappjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*skappju	*skapidā
2nd singular	*skapisi	skapidēs, skapidōs
3rd singular	*skapiþi	skapidē, skapidā
1st plural	*skappjum	*skapidum
2nd plural	*skapiþ	*skapidud
3rd plural	*skappjanþ	*skapidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*skappjē	*skapidī
2nd singular	*skappjēs	*skapidī
3rd singular	*skappjē	*skapidī
1st plural	*skappjēm	*skapidīm
2nd plural	*skappjēþ	*skapidīd
3rd plural	*skappjēn	*skapidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*skapi
Plural	*skapiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*skappjandī	*skapid

Descendants

Old Frisian: *skeppa
- West Frisian: skeppe
- ⇒ Old Frisian: skeppene (a scoop)
Old Saxon: skeppian
- Middle Low German: scheppen
  - German Low German: scheppen
Old Dutch: skeppen
- Middle Dutch: scheppen
  - Dutch: scheppen
Old High German: skepfen, scephen
- Middle High German: schepfen
  - German: schöpfen

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[skapʲpʲan]”

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[skapʲpʲan]”