alçak

See also: álcák

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آلچاق‎ (alçaḳ, “low, short in stature, shallow, vile, despicable”)[1], from Proto-Turkic *ăl (“lower side, below, being below, lower”)[2]. According to Talât Tekin Turkish aşağı (from aşak) and alçak are doublets, since ĺč turns into ş in Common Turkic. [3] But longs vowels do not fit together in Turkmen alçak (alçak) and aşak (aşa:k).

An alternative etymology is suggested by Hüseyin Yıldız as alt (“bottom, base”) +‎ -sa- (“derives verbs from nouns and adjectives”) +‎ -k (“participle suffix”)[4], where the /ts/ sound undergoes a phonetic change and turns into /t͡ʃ/[5], in which way derivations like alçak, alçalmak (“to become low, to stoop, to degenerate”) as well as آلچامق‎ (alçamaḳ, “to treat as vile, to become low”)(which does not exist in Modern Turkish) are made.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aɫˈt͡ʃak/
  • Hyphenation: al‧çak
  • (file)

Adjective

alçak

  1. Not having much distance from the ground, not high; low.
    Antonym: yüksek
  2. (of height) Not tall; short.
  3. (figuratively, derogatory) Vile, immoral, dishonorable.
    Synonyms: aşağılık, adi, soysuz, rezil, hain, namert

Declension

Derived terms

References

  1. Redhouse, James W. (1890), “آلچاق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 184
  2. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ăl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  3. Tekin, Talât. “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism.” Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 23, no. 1/2, Harrassowitz Verlag, 1979, page 131.
  4. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+sA-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
  5. YILDIZ, Hüseyin. "Türkçe alçak Kelimesinin Etimolojisi Üzerine." Words and Dictionaries. A Festschrift for Professor Stanisław Stachowski on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday. ed. E. Mańczak-Wohlfeld, B. Podolak. Wydawnictwo UJ, Krakow 2015: 379-396.

Further reading

  • alçak in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu
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