arklas

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtla; compare Latvian ar̂kls, Proto-Slavic *òrdlo. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rh₃-tlom (“plough”), from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). The word is equivalent to arti (“plough”) +‎ -klas; see for more. Cognates include Old Armenian արաւր (arawr), Old Norse arðr, Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron). The Greek and Armenian terms may reflect the zero-grade, in which case the Proto-Balto-Slavic full-grade may be analogical after *arˀ- (“to plough”); compare ìrklas (“oar”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈar.klɐs/
Arklas

Noun

árklas m (plural arklaĩ) stress pattern 3

  1. (agriculture, historical) ard plough (simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil.)
    Coordinate terms: žagrė (“type of plough; sokha”), žambis (“type of plough”), plūgas (“contemporary plough”)

Declension
declension of arklas
singular (vienaskaita) plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas) árklas arklaĩ
genitive (kilmininkas) árklo arklų̃
dative (naudininkas) árklui arkláms
accusative (galininkas) árklą árklus
instrumental (įnagininkas) árklu arklaĩs
locative (vietininkas) arklè arkluosè
vocative (šauksmininkas) árkle arklaĩ

Derived terms
  • arklys
  • arklakartė
  • arklavirvė

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60

Further reading
  • “arklas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
  • “arklas”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2023
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