arrufar

Catalan

Alternative forms
  • arrufir

Etymology

Uncertain.

Pronunciation

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, past participle arrufat)

  1. (transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
  2. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to stand on end, to bristle

Conjugation
Conjugation of arrugar (first conjugation)
infinitive arrugar
present participle arrugant
past participle masculine feminine
singular arrugat arrugada
plural arrugats arrugades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present arrugo arrugues arruga arruguem arrugueu arruguen
imperfect arrugava arrugaves arrugava arrugàvem arrugàveu arrugaven
future arrugaré arrugaràs arrugarà arrugarem arrugareu arrugaran
preterite arruguí arrugares arrugà arrugàrem arrugàreu arrugaren
conditional arrugaria arrugaries arrugaria arrugaríem arrugaríeu arrugarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present arrugui arruguis arrugui arruguem arrugueu arruguin
imperfect arrugués arruguessis arrugués arruguéssim arruguéssiu arruguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— arruga arrugui arruguem arrugueu arruguin

Derived terms

Further reading

Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /aruˈfaɾ/

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

  1. to incite; to embolden
  2. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to get cocky

Conjugation
Conjugation of arrufar
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal arrufar
personal arrufar arrufares arrufar arrufarmos arrufardes arrufaren
Gerund
arrufando
Past participle singular plural
masculine arrufado arrufados
feminine arrufada arrufadas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present arrufo arrufas arrufa arrufamos arrufades arrufan
imperfect arrufaba arrufabas arrufaba arrufabamos arrufabades arrufaban
preterite arrufei arrufaches arrufou arrufamos arrufastes arrufaron
pluperfect arrufara arrufaras arrufara arrufaramos arrufarades arrufaran
future arrufarei arrufarás arrufará arrufaremos arrufaredes arrufarán
conditional arrufaría arrufarías arrufaría arrufariamos arrufariades arrufarían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present arrufe arrufes arrufe arrufemos arrufedes arrufen
preterite arrufase arrufases arrufase arrufásemos arrufásedes arrufasen
future arrufar arrufares arrufar arrufarmos arrufardes arrufaren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – arrufa arrufe arrufemos arrufade arrufen
negative – arrufes arrufe arrufemos arrufedes arrufen

Derived terms

References
  • “arrufar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “arruf” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “arrufar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “arrufar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “arrufar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
  1. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “rufián”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
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