boulanger
English
    
    
Dutch
    
    Etymology
    
From French beringène[1], from Spanish berenjena[2], from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân). Compare Antillean French bélangère ("aubergine")[3] and Guadeloupean Creole French bélanjè ("aubergine")[4]. Doublet of aubergine.
Pronunciation
    
- (Suriname) IPA(key): /bu.lɑ̃.ʃeːi̯/, /bu.lɑ̃.ʃeː/
- (Netherlands) IPA(key): /bu.lɑ̃.ʒeː/
- Audio - (file) 
- Hyphenation: bou‧lan‧ger
Noun
    
boulanger m (plural boulangers, diminutive boulangertje n)
- (Suriname) Solanum melongena; eggplant, aubergine.
-  1937 May 12, “CHATILLON”, in De Surinamer : nieuws- en advertentieblad, page 4:- Vroeger werden allerlei soort groenten opgediend, daarbij wist men nog: het is van mijn eigen grondje. Tegenwoordig alleen boulanger en kouseband en daar zorgt de leverancier in de stad voor.- In the old days, all kinds of vegetables were served, and people still knew: it comes from my own allotment. Nowadays only aubergines and yardlong beans [are served] and the supplier in town takes care of that.
 
 
 
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References
    
- J. van Donselaar (2013) Woordenboek van het Nederlands in Suriname van 1667 tot 1876, Amsterdam/The Hague: Meertens Instituut/Nederlandse Taalunie, →ISBN, page 49
- R. Arveiller (1969), “Les noms français de l'aubergine”, in Revue de linguistique romane, page 225
- Jean-Pierre Jeantheau (July 2015), “La dictée dans les enquêtes sur la « littéracie » des adultes ; pratiques, résultats, exemples d’analyse, perspectives”, in Catherine Brissaud, Clara Mortamet, editors, Glottopol: revue de sociolinguistique en ligne, Laboratoire Dysola – Université de Rouen, →ISSN, page 202
- Dictionnaire pratique du créole de Guadeloupe (Marie-Galante) ; suivi d'un index français-créole, KARTHALA Editions, 1990, →ISBN, page 48
French
    
    Etymology
    
From Middle French boulanger, from Old French boulanger, bolengier (“baker”), from Old Picard boulenc (“bun-maker, bread-maker”), of Germanic origin, from Low Frankish *bollā (“bun”) + -enc (“-ing”), from Frankish *-ing (“-ing”), from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (“-ing”).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /bu.lɑ̃.ʒe/
- audio - (file) 
Derived terms
    
Conjugation
    
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written boulange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | boulanger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | boulangeant /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | boulangé /bu.lɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | boulange /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulanges /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulange /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulangeons /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | boulangez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒe/ | boulangent /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | 
| imperfect | boulangeais /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | boulangeais /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | boulangeait /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | boulangions /bu.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | boulangiez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒje/ | boulangeaient /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | boulangeai /bu.lɑ̃.ʒe/ | boulangeas /bu.lɑ̃.ʒa/ | boulangea /bu.lɑ̃.ʒa/ | boulangeâmes /bu.lɑ̃.ʒam/ | boulangeâtes /bu.lɑ̃.ʒat/ | boulangèrent /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | boulangerai /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | boulangeras /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | boulangera /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | boulangerons /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | boulangerez /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | boulangeront /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | boulangerais /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | boulangerais /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | boulangerait /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | boulangerions /bu.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | boulangeriez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ | boulangeraient /bu.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | boulange /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulanges /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulange /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | boulangions /bu.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | boulangiez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒje/ | boulangent /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | 
| imperfect2 | boulangeasse /bu.lɑ̃.ʒas/ | boulangeasses /bu.lɑ̃.ʒas/ | boulangeât /bu.lɑ̃.ʒa/ | boulangeassions /bu.lɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | boulangeassiez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ | boulangeassent /bu.lɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | boulange /bu.lɑ̃ʒ/ | — | boulangeons /bu.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | boulangez /bu.lɑ̃.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: 
 (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
    
- “boulanger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.