dwingen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch dwingen, from Old Dutch *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, *þwinganą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdʋɪŋə(n)/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: dwin‧gen
- Rhymes: -ɪŋən
Verb
dwingen
Inflection
| Inflection of dwingen (strong class 3a) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | dwingen | |||
| past singular | dwong | |||
| past participle | gedwongen | |||
| infinitive | dwingen | |||
| gerund | dwingen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | dwing | dwong | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | dwingt | dwong | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | dwingt | dwong | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | dwingt | dwongt | ||
| 3rd person singular | dwingt | dwong | ||
| plural | dwingen | dwongen | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | dwinge | dwonge | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | dwingen | dwongen | ||
| imperative sing. | dwing | |||
| imperative plur.1 | dwingt | |||
| participles | dwingend | gedwongen | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
Anagrams
Low German
Etymology
From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdvɪŋən/, [ˈdʋɪŋən], [ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]
Verb
dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)
- (intransitive, with "to ...") to necessitate; to call for
Conjugation
Conjugation of dwingen (class 3 strong verb)
| infinitive | dwingen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | dwing | dwung |
| 2nd person singular | dwings(t) | dwungs(t) |
| 3rd person singular | dwing(t) | dwung |
| plural | dwingt, dwingen | dwungen |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | dwing | |
| plural | dwingt | |
| participle | present | past |
| dwingen | (e)dwungen, gedwungen | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Middle Dutch
Verb
dwingen
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | dwingen | |
| 3rd sg. past | dwanc | |
| 3rd pl. past | dwongen | |
| Past participle | gedwongen | |
| Infinitive | dwingen | |
| In genitive | dwingens | |
| In dative | dwingene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | dwinge | dwanc |
| 2nd singular | dwincs, dwinges | dwoncs, dwonges |
| 3rd singular | dwinct, dwinget | dwanc |
| 1st plural | dwingen | dwongen |
| 2nd plural | dwinct, dwinget | dwonct, dwonget |
| 3rd plural | dwingen | dwongen |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | dwinge | dwonge |
| 2nd singular | dwincs, dwinges | dwonges |
| 3rd singular | dwinge | dwonge |
| 1st plural | dwingen | dwongen |
| 2nd plural | dwinct, dwinget | dwonget |
| 3rd plural | dwingen | dwongen |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | dwinc, dwinge | |
| Plural | dwinct, dwinget | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | dwingende | gedwongen |
Further reading
- “dwinghen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “dwingen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
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