esperar
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Conjugation
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
| infinitive | esperar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | esperant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
| plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
| future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
| preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
| conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
| imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | ||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “esperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, asperar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa María), from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [espeˈɾaɾ]
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
Conjugation
Further reading
- “esperar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
References
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “esper” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “esperar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “esperar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /espeˈrar/
Verb
esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)
- to hope
Conjugation
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present | past | future | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
| tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
| conditional | esperus | ||||||
| imperative | esperez | ||||||
| adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
| adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
| nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
| plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
| adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
| adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
| nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
| plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti | ||||
Derived terms
- desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
| imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
| preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
| conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
| imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
| future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
| conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, asperar, from Latin spērāre (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /is.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [is.peˈɾa(h)], /es.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [es.peˈɾa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /is.peˈɾa(ɾ)/, /es.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.peˈɾa(χ)], /eʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.peˈɾa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /es.peˈɾa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
- to wait
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
- Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (transitive, auxiliary with a verb in the personal infinitive as the second object) to wait for (not to do anything until)
- Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- to hope
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
- (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking que and a verb in the present subjunctive) to hope (that) someone does something
- Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
- (auxiliary with a verb in the personal or impersonal infinitive) to hope something can be done
- Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen)
- É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
- Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
- Synonym: aguardar
Conjugation
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Further reading
- “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Distant cognate with English speed (both terms having the same Proto-Indo-European root but speed descending via Proto-Germanic).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /espeˈɾaɾ/ [es.peˈɾaɾ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧pe‧rar
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)
- (transitive) to hope for, hope to (often with a verb in the subjunctive)
- Espera que no sea necesario.
- He hopes it won't be necessary.
- (transitive) to expect, look for (often with a verb in the indicative)
- Espera que no sea fácil.
- He expects it isn't easy.
- (transitive) to wait to, wait for, await
- Por favor espera aquí.
- Please wait here.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
- (intransitive) to hope
- (intransitive) to expect (a baby)
- (reflexive) to be expected, to expect (impersonal use)
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive esperar | |||||||
| dative | esperarme | esperarte | esperarle, esperarse | esperarnos | esperaros | esperarles, esperarse | |
| accusative | esperarme | esperarte | esperarlo, esperarla, esperarse | esperarnos | esperaros | esperarlos, esperarlas, esperarse | |
| with gerund esperando | |||||||
| dative | esperándome | esperándote | esperándole, esperándose | esperándonos | esperándoos | esperándoles, esperándose | |
| accusative | esperándome | esperándote | esperándolo, esperándola, esperándose | esperándonos | esperándoos | esperándolos, esperándolas, esperándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative espera | |||||||
| dative | espérame | espérate | espérale | espéranos | not used | espérales | |
| accusative | espérame | espérate | espéralo, espérala | espéranos | not used | espéralos, espéralas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative esperá | |||||||
| dative | esperame | esperate | esperale | esperanos | not used | esperales | |
| accusative | esperame | esperate | esperalo, esperala | esperanos | not used | esperalos, esperalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative espere | |||||||
| dative | espéreme | not used | espérele, espérese | espérenos | not used | espéreles | |
| accusative | espéreme | not used | espérelo, espérela, espérese | espérenos | not used | espérelos, espérelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative esperemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | esperémoste | esperémosle | esperémonos | esperémoos | esperémosles | |
| accusative | not used | esperémoste | esperémoslo, esperémosla | esperémonos | esperémoos | esperémoslos, esperémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative esperad | |||||||
| dative | esperadme | not used | esperadle | esperadnos | esperaos | esperadles | |
| accusative | esperadme | not used | esperadlo, esperadla | esperadnos | esperaos | esperadlos, esperadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative esperen | |||||||
| dative | espérenme | not used | espérenle | espérennos | not used | espérenles, espérense | |
| accusative | espérenme | not used | espérenlo, espérenla | espérennos | not used | espérenlos, espérenlas, espérense | |
Derived terms
- de aquí te espero
- el tiempo y la marea ni se paran ni esperan
- esperar con interés (“to look forward, to eagerly await”)
Related terms
Further reading
- “esperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
