establir

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir, Italian stabilire, and archaic Spanish establir.

Verb

establir (first-person singular present estableixo, past participle establert)

  1. to establish
  2. to ascertain

Conjugation
Conjugation of establir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
infinitive establir
present participle establint
past participle masculine feminine
singular establert establerta
plural establerts establertes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present estableixo estableixes estableix establim establiu estableixen
imperfect establia establies establia establíem establíeu establien
future establiré establiràs establirà establirem establireu establiran
preterite establí establires establí establírem establíreu establiren
conditional establiria establiries establiria establiríem establiríeu establirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present estableixi estableixis estableixi establim establiu estableixin
imperfect establís establissis establís establíssim establíssiu establissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
— estableix estableixi establim establiu estableixin

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan establir, from Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō.

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Béarn)(file)

Verb

establir

  1. to establish

Conjugation
    Conjugation of establir in Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive establir ?er establit
past participle establit —
gerund establissent ?ent establit
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present establissi establisses establís establissèm establissètz establisson
imperfect establissiái establissiás establissiá establissiam establissiatz establissián
preterite establiguèri establiguères establiguèt establiguèrem establiguèretz establiguèron
future establirai establiràs establirà establirem establiretz establiràn
conditional establiriái establiriás establiriá establiriam establiriatz establirián
conditional 2nd form1 establiguèra establiguèras establiguèra establigueram establigueratz establiguèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle
future perfect use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present establisca establiscas establisca establiscam establiscatz establiscan
imperfect establiguèsse establiguèsses establiguèsse establiguèssem establiguèssetz establiguèsson
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
establís establiscam establissetz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Derived terms

Old French

Etymology

From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Italian stabilire.

Verb

establir

  1. to establish
    • circa 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:
      Apres les dous establisent la terce
      After the first two, they established a third

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of establir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive establir avoir establi
gerund en establissant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle establissant
past participle establi
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present establis establis establist establissons establissez establissent
imperfect establissoie, establisseie establissoies, establisseies establissoit, establisseit establissiiens, establissiens establissiiez, establissiez establissoient, establisseient
preterite establi establis establi establimes establistes establirent
future establirai establiras establira establirons establiroiz, establireiz, establirez establiront
conditional establiroie, establireie establiroies, establireies establiroit, establireit establiriiens, establiriens establiriiez, establiriez establiroient, establireient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present establisse establisses establisse establissons establissez establissent
imperfect establisse establisses establist establissons, establissiens establissoiz, establissez, establissiez establissent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— establis — establissons establissez —

Descendants
  • French: établir
  • Norman: êtablyi
  • → Middle English: establen
    • Scots: estabill
  • → Middle English: stablen, stable, stabli, stabelen, stabile, stabilen, stabil, stabille, stabul, stabulle (e- elided)
  • → Middle English: establissen, establishen (via stem form establiss-)
  • → Middle English: stablishen (via stem form establiss-, e- elided)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin stabilīre, present active infinitive of stabiliō. Cognates include Occitan establir, French établir and Italian stabilire.

Verb

establir (first-person singular present establo, first-person singular preterite establí, past participle establido)

  1. (archaic) to establish

Conjugation
    Conjugation of establir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive establir
gerund establiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular establido establida
plural establidos establidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present establo establestú
establísvos		 estable establimos establís establen
imperfect establía establías establía establíamos establíais establían
preterite establí establiste establió establimos establisteis establieron
future establiré establirás establirá establiremos establiréis establirán
conditional establiría establirías establiría establiríamos establiríais establirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present establa establastú
establásvos2		 establa establamos establáis establan
imperfect
(ra)		 establiera establieras establiera establiéramos establierais establieran
imperfect
(se)		 establiese establieses establiese establiésemos establieseis establiesen
future1 establiere establieres establiere establiéremos establiereis establieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative establetú
establívos		 establa establamos establid establan
negative no establas no establa no establamos no establáis no establan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of establir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive establir
dative establirme establirte establirle, establirse establirnos establiros establirles, establirse
accusative establirme establirte establirlo, establirla, establirse establirnos establiros establirlos, establirlas, establirse
with gerund establiendo
dative establiéndome establiéndote establiéndole, establiéndose establiéndonos establiéndoos establiéndoles, establiéndose
accusative establiéndome establiéndote establiéndolo, establiéndola, establiéndose establiéndonos establiéndoos establiéndolos, establiéndolas, establiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative estable
dative estábleme estáblete estáblele estáblenos not used estábleles
accusative estábleme estáblete estáblelo, estáblela estáblenos not used estáblelos, estáblelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative establí
dative establime establite establile establinos not used establiles
accusative establime establite establilo, establila establinos not used establilos, establilas
with formal second-person singular imperative establa
dative estáblame not used estáblale, estáblase estáblanos not used estáblales
accusative estáblame not used estáblalo, estáblala, estáblase estáblanos not used estáblalos, estáblalas
with first-person plural imperative establamos
dative not used establámoste establámosle establámonos establámoos establámosles
accusative not used establámoste establámoslo, establámosla establámonos establámoos establámoslos, establámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative establid
dative establidme not used establidle establidnos establíos establidles
accusative establidme not used establidlo, establidla establidnos establíos establidlos, establidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative establan
dative estáblanme not used estáblanle estáblannos not used estáblanles, estáblanse
accusative estáblanme not used estáblanlo, estáblanla estáblannos not used estáblanlos, estáblanlas, estáblanse

Further reading
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