góðr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, whence also Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English gōd, Old High German and Old Dutch guot, Gothic 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 (gōþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. The comparative and superlative forms are from Proto-Germanic *batizô and *batistaz respectively, both degrees of Proto-Germanic *bataz, being ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed- (“good”).

Adjective

góðr (comparative betri, superlative beztr)

  1. good, righteous, morally commendable
  2. good, honest, true
    góðir vinir — good friends
  3. kind, friendly
    góð orð — good, kind words
  4. good, gifted
    gott skáld — a good poet
  5. goodly, fine

Declension

This word has a suppletive inflection, using another root in the comparative and superlative forms, than in the positive form.

    Strong declension of góðr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative góðr góð gott, gótt
accusative góðan góða gott, gótt
dative góðum góðri góðu
genitive góðs góðrar góðs
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative góðir góðar góð
accusative góða góðar góð
dative góðum góðum góðum
genitive góðra góðra góðra
    Weak declension of góðr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative góði góða góða
accusative góða góðu góða
dative góða góðu góða
genitive góða góðu góða
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative góðu góðu góðu
accusative góðu góðu góðu
dative góðum góðum góðum
genitive góðu góðu góðu
    Declension of comparative of góðr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative betri betri betra
accusative betra betri betra
dative betra betri betra
genitive betra betri betra
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative betri betri betri
accusative betri betri betri
dative betrum betrum betrum
genitive betri betri betri
    Strong declension of superlative of góðr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative beztr bezt bezt
accusative beztan bezta bezt
dative beztum beztri beztu
genitive bezts beztrar bezts
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative beztir beztar bezt
accusative bezta beztar bezt
dative beztum beztum beztum
genitive beztra beztra beztra
    Weak declension of superlative of góðr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative bezti bezta bezta
accusative bezta beztu bezta
dative bezta beztu bezta
genitive bezta beztu bezta
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative beztu beztu beztu
accusative beztu beztu beztu
dative beztum beztum beztum
genitive beztu beztu beztu

Descendants
  • Icelandic: góður
  • Faroese: góður
  • Norwegian: god
  • Elfdalian: guoð
  • Old Swedish: gōþer
    • Swedish: god, goder (dialectal, in set phrases)
  • Old Danish: gōth, (Old Scanian) gōþær
    • Danish: god
    • Scanian: góðer
  • Old Gutnish: gōþr
    • Gutnish: godar

See also
  • vel (“well”)

References
  • Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon — An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874)
  • góðr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
  • “betri”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “beztr”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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