hammas
See also: hämmas and hammaš
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs.
Declension
Inflection of hammas (ÕS type 7/kallas, mb-mm gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hambad |
| accusative | hamba | hambad |
| genitive | hamba | hammaste |
| partitive | hammast | hambaid |
| illative | hambasse | hammastesse hambaisse |
| inessive | hambas | hammastes hambais |
| elative | hambast | hammastest hambaist |
| allative | hambale | hammastele hambaile |
| adessive | hambal | hammastel hambail |
| ablative | hambalt | hammastelt hambailt |
| translative | hambaks | hammasteks hambaiks |
| terminative | hambani | hammasteni |
| essive | hambana | hammastena |
| abessive | hambata | hammasteta |
| comitative | hambaga | hammastega |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (replacing native Uralic pii < *piŋe), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs. Doublet of kampa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑs̠]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Syllabification(key): ham‧mas
Declension
| Inflection of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | ||
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten | ||
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | ||
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | ||
| accusative | nom. | hammas | hampaat | |
| gen. | hampaan | |||
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten | ||
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | ||
| inessive | hampaassa | hampaissa | ||
| elative | hampaasta | hampaista | ||
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin hampaihinrare | ||
| adessive | hampaalla | hampailla | ||
| ablative | hampaalta | hampailta | ||
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille | ||
| essive | hampaana | hampaina | ||
| translative | hampaaksi | hampaiksi | ||
| instructive | — | hampain | ||
| abessive | hampaatta | hampaitta | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of hammas (type vieras) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- adjectives: hampaaton
- nouns: hampaisto
- verbs: hammastaa
- idioms: purra hammasta
Compounds
Further reading
- "hammas" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja (Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish).
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːəz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Hyphenation: ham‧mas
Noun
hammas
Declension
| Declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampaat |
| genitive | hampaan | hampain |
| partitive | hammasta, hammast | hampaita, hampaja |
| illative | hampaasse | hampaisse |
| inessive | hampaas | hampais |
| elative | hampaast | hampaist |
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille |
| adessive | hampaal | hampail |
| ablative | hampaalt | hampailt |
| translative | hampaaks | hampaiks |
| essive | hampaanna, hampaan | hampainna, hampain |
| exessive1) | hampaant | hampaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampahat, hampaat |
| genitive | hampahan | hampahiin |
| partitive | hammasta | hampahia |
| illative | hampahasse | hampahisse |
| inessive | hampahaas | hampahiis |
| elative | hampahast | hampahist |
| allative | hampahalle | hampahille |
| adessive | hampahaal | hampahiil |
| ablative | hampahalt | hampahilt |
| translative | hampahaks | hampahiks |
| essive | hampahaan | hampahiin |
| exessive1) | hampahant | hampahint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 43
Karelian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/
Declension
Declension of hammas, mm-mp gradation
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References
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, pages 48-49
Võro
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas.
Declension
Inflection of hammas
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hambaq |
| accusative | hamba | hambaq |
| genitive | hamba | hambidõ hammastõ |
| partitive | hammast | hambit |
| illative | hambahe | hambihe hammastõhe |
| inessive | hamban hambahn |
hambin hammastõn hambihn hammastõhn |
| elative | hambast | hambist hammastõst |
| allative | hambalõ | hambilõ hammastõlõ |
| adessive | hambal | hambil hammastõl |
| ablative | hambalt | hambilt hammastõlt |
| translative | hambas | hambis hammastõs |
| terminative | hambaniq | hambiniq hammastõniq |
| abessive | hambaldaq | hambildaq hammastõldaq |
| comitative | hambagaq | hambidõgaq hammastõgaq |
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