hiru
Basque
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: hiru Ordinal: hirugarren Multiplier: hirukoitz Fractional: heren | ||
Alternative forms
- hirur (Navarro-Lapurdian, Upper Navarrese, Souletin)
- irur, iru (Souletin)
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Basque *(h)iluŕ (“three”). Often compared with Iberian ilun (“three”).[1]
Usage notes
The declension of the plural forms changes when used as a pronoun. This is not currently reflected in the table below.
Declension
| Declension of hiru (numeral, ending in vowel) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | singular | plural | ||
| absolutive | hiru | hirua | hiruak | |
| ergative | hiruk | hiruak | hiruek | |
| dative | hiruri | hiruari | hiruei | |
| genitive | hiruren | hiruaren | hiruen | |
| comitative | hirurekin | hiruarekin | hiruekin | |
| causative | hirurengatik | hiruarengatik | hiruengatik | |
| benefactive | hirurentzat | hiruarentzat | hiruentzat | |
| instrumental | hiruz | hiruaz | hiruez | |
| inessive | anim. | hirurengan | hiruarengan | hiruengan |
| inanim. | hirutan | hiruan | hiruetan | |
| locative | anim. | — | — | — |
| inanim. | hirutako | hiruko | hiruetako | |
| allative | anim. | hirurengana | hiruarengana | hiruengana |
| inanim. | hirutara | hirura | hiruetara | |
| terminative | anim. | hirurenganaino | hiruarenganaino | hiruenganaino |
| inanim. | hirutaraino | hiruraino | hiruetaraino | |
| directive | anim. | hirurenganantz | hiruarenganantz | hiruenganantz |
| inanim. | hirutarantz | hirurantz | hiruetarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | hirurenganako | hiruarenganako | hiruenganako |
| inanim. | hirutarako | hirurako | hiruetarako | |
| ablative | anim. | hirurengandik | hiruarengandik | hiruengandik |
| inanim. | hirutatik | hirutik | hiruetatik | |
| partitive | hirurik | — | — | |
| prolative | hirutzat | — | — | |
References
Further reading
- “hiru” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus
- "hiru" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
- “hiru” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
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