jurar
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan jurar, from Latin iūrō (“swear”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Conjugation
| infinitive | jurar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | jurant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | jurat | jurada | |||||
| plural | jurats | jurades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | juro | jures | jura | jurem | jureu | juren | |
| imperfect | jurava | juraves | jurava | juràvem | juràveu | juraven | |
| future | juraré | juraràs | jurarà | jurarem | jurareu | juraran | |
| preterite | jurí | jurares | jurà | juràrem | juràreu | juraren | |
| conditional | juraria | juraries | juraria | juraríem | juraríeu | jurarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | juri | juris | juri | jurem | jureu | jurin | |
| imperfect | jurés | juressis | jurés | juréssim | juréssiu | juressin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | jura | juri | jurem | jureu | jurin | ||
References
- “jurar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “jurar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “jurar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “jurar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan jurar, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“I swear”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurar | aver jurat | |||||
| gerund | jurant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | jurat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | juri | juras | jura | juram | juratz | juran | |
| imperfect | juravi | juravas | jurava | juràvem | juràvetz | juravan | |
| preterite | jurèri | jurères | jurèt | jurèrem | jurèretz | jurèron | |
| future | jurarai | juraràs | jurarà | jurarem | juraretz | juraràn | |
| conditional | jurariái | jurariás | jurariá | jurariam | jurariatz | jurarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | jurèra | jurèras | jurèra | jureram | jureratz | jurèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jure | jurem | juretz | juren | |
| imperfect | jurèssi | jurèsses | jurèsse | jurèssem | jurèssetz | jurèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| jura | jurem | juratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurar | aver jurat | |||||
| gerund | jurant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | jurat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jura | juram | juratz | juron | |
| imperfect | jurave | juraves | jurava | juraviam | juraviatz | juravon | |
| preterite | jurere | jureres | juret | jurem | juretz | jureron | |
| future | jurarai | juraràs | jurará | jurarem | juraretz | jurarán | |
| conditional | jurariá | jurariás | jurariá | jurariam | jurariatz | jurarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | jurèra | jurèras | jurèra | jureram | jureratz | jurèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jure | jurassiam | jurassiatz | juron | |
| imperfect | juresse | juresses | juresse | juressiam | juressiatz | juresson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| jura | jurassiam | juratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurar | aver jurat | |||||
| gerund | jurant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | jurat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | juri | juras | jura | juram | juratz | juran | |
| imperfect | juravi | juravas | jurava | juràvam | juràvatz | juravan | |
| preterite | jurèi | jurès | jurè | jurèm | jurètz | jurèn | |
| future | jurarèi | juraràs | jurarà | juraram | juraratz | juraràn | |
| conditional | jurarí | jurarés | juraré | jurarem | juraretz | jurarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | jurèra | jurèras | jurèra | jureram | jureratz | jurèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | juri | jures | jure | jurem | juretz | juren | |
| imperfect | jurèssi | jurèsses | jurèsse | jurèssem | jurèssetz | jurèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| jura | jurem | juratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurar | aver jurat | |||||
| gerund | jurant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | jurat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | jure | juras | jura | juram | juratz | juran | |
| imperfect | jurava | juravas | jurava | juràvam | juràvatz | juravan | |
| preterite | jurei | jureras | juret | jurèram | jurèratz | jureran | |
| future | jurarai | juraràs | jurará | jurarem | juraretz | jurarán | |
| conditional | jurariá | jurariàs | jurariá | jurariam | jurariatz | jurarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | jurèra | jurèras | jurèra | jureram | jureratz | jurèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jure | jurem | juretz | juren | |
| imperfect | jurèsse | jurèsses | jurèsse | jurèssem | jurèssetz | jurèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| jura | jurem | juratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | jurar | aver jurat | |||||
| gerund | jurant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | jurat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jura | juram | juratz | juran | |
| imperfect | juravi | juravas | jurava | juràvem | juràvetz | juravan | |
| preterite | jurère | jurères | jurèt | jureriam | jureriatz | jurèron | |
| future | jurarai | juraràs | jurarà | jurarem | juraretz | juraràn | |
| conditional | jurariáu | jurariás | jurariá | jurariam | jurariatz | jurarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | jurèra | jurèras | jurèra | jureram | jureratz | jurèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | jure | jures | jure | jurem | juretz | juran | |
| imperfect | jurèsse | jurèsses | jurèsse | juressiam | juressiatz | jurèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| jura | jurem | juratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old Occitan
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese jurar, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre (“to swear”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ʒuˈɾa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ʒuˈɾa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʒuˈɾaɾ/
- Hyphenation: ju‧rar
Verb
jurar (first-person singular present juro, first-person singular preterite jurei, past participle jurado)
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | jurar | |||||
| Personal | jurar | jurares | jurar | jurarmos | jurardes | jurarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| jurando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | jurado | jurados | ||||
| Feminine | jurada | juradas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | juro | juras | jura | juramos | jurais | juram |
| Imperfect | jurava | juravas | jurava | jurávamos | juráveis | juravam |
| Preterite | jurei | juraste | jurou | juramos1, jurámos2 | jurastes | juraram |
| Pluperfect | jurara | juraras | jurara | juráramos | juráreis | juraram |
| Future | jurarei | jurarás | jurará | juraremos | jurareis | jurarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| juraria | jurarias | juraria | juraríamos | juraríeis | jurariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | jure | jures | jure | juremos | jureis | jurem |
| Imperfect | jurasse | jurasses | jurasse | jurássemos | jurásseis | jurassem |
| Future | jurar | jurares | jurar | jurarmos | jurardes | jurarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | jura | jure | juremos | jurai | jurem | |
| Negative (não) | não jures | não jure | não juremos | não jureis | não jurem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“to swear”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xuˈɾaɾ/ [xuˈɾaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ju‧rar
Verb
jurar (first-person singular present juro, first-person singular preterite juré, past participle jurado)
Conjugation
| infinitive | jurar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | jurando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | jurado | jurada | |||||
| plural | jurados | juradas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | juro | jurastú jurásvos |
jura | juramos | juráis | juran | |
| imperfect | juraba | jurabas | juraba | jurábamos | jurabais | juraban | |
| preterite | juré | juraste | juró | juramos | jurasteis | juraron | |
| future | juraré | jurarás | jurará | juraremos | juraréis | jurarán | |
| conditional | juraría | jurarías | juraría | juraríamos | juraríais | jurarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | jure | jurestú jurésvos2 |
jure | juremos | juréis | juren | |
| imperfect (ra) |
jurara | juraras | jurara | juráramos | jurarais | juraran | |
| imperfect (se) |
jurase | jurases | jurase | jurásemos | juraseis | jurasen | |
| future1 | jurare | jurares | jurare | juráremos | jurareis | juraren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | juratú jurávos |
jure | juremos | jurad | juren | ||
| negative | no jures | no jure | no juremos | no juréis | no juren | ||
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive jurar | |||||||
| dative | jurarme | jurarte | jurarle, jurarse | jurarnos | juraros | jurarles, jurarse | |
| accusative | jurarme | jurarte | jurarlo, jurarla, jurarse | jurarnos | juraros | jurarlos, jurarlas, jurarse | |
| with gerund jurando | |||||||
| dative | jurándome | jurándote | jurándole, jurándose | jurándonos | jurándoos | jurándoles, jurándose | |
| accusative | jurándome | jurándote | jurándolo, jurándola, jurándose | jurándonos | jurándoos | jurándolos, jurándolas, jurándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative jura | |||||||
| dative | júrame | júrate | júrale | júranos | not used | júrales | |
| accusative | júrame | júrate | júralo, júrala | júranos | not used | júralos, júralas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative jurá | |||||||
| dative | jurame | jurate | jurale | juranos | not used | jurales | |
| accusative | jurame | jurate | juralo, jurala | juranos | not used | juralos, juralas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative jure | |||||||
| dative | júreme | not used | júrele, júrese | júrenos | not used | júreles | |
| accusative | júreme | not used | júrelo, júrela, júrese | júrenos | not used | júrelos, júrelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative juremos | |||||||
| dative | not used | jurémoste | jurémosle | jurémonos | jurémoos | jurémosles | |
| accusative | not used | jurémoste | jurémoslo, jurémosla | jurémonos | jurémoos | jurémoslos, jurémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative jurad | |||||||
| dative | juradme | not used | juradle | juradnos | juraos | juradles | |
| accusative | juradme | not used | juradlo, juradla | juradnos | juraos | juradlos, juradlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative juren | |||||||
| dative | júrenme | not used | júrenle | júrennos | not used | júrenles, júrense | |
| accusative | júrenme | not used | júrenlo, júrenla | júrennos | not used | júrenlos, júrenlas, júrense | |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “jurar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014