kalti

Afar

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʌlˈti/
  • Hyphenation: kal‧ti

Noun

kaltí f 

  1. removal
  2. (mathematics) subtraction

References
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kolʔ-[1], from Proto-Indo-European *kolH-[1].

Cognates include Latvian kalt[1], Russian коло́ть (kolótʹ, “to stab, to prick”)[1] and Latin noun calamitas f (“damage”)[1].

Pronunciation
  • (verb) IPA(key): /ˈkalʲtʲɪ/

Verb

kálti (third-person present tense kãla, third-person past tense kãlė) [2]

  1. to hammer, to strike
  2. to forge, to hammer
    Kalk geležį, kol karšta.[3]
    Strike while the iron is hot.
  3. to mint, to strike
  4. (figuratively) to cram; to swot (UK)
Conjugation
Conjugation of kalti
singular
(vienaskaita)		 plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)		 1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka)		 present
(esamasis laikas)		 kalu kali kala kalame,
kalam		 kalate,
kalat		 kala
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas)		 kaliau kalei kalė kalėme,
kalėm		 kalėte,
kalėt		 kalė
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas)		 kaldavau kaldavai kaldavo kaldavome,
kaldavom		 kaldavote,
kaldavot		 kaldavo
future
(būsimasis laikas)		 kalsiu kalsi kals kalsime,
kalsim		 kalsite,
kalsit		 kals
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka)		 kalčiau kaltum kaltų kaltumėme,
kaltumėm,
kaltume		 kaltumėte,
kaltumėt		 kaltų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka)		 — kalk,
kalki		 tekala kalkime,
kalkim		 kalkite,
kalkit		 tekala
Participles of kalti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present kaląs, kalantis kalamas
past kalęs kaltas
past frequentative kaldavęs —
future kalsiąs, kalsiantis kalsimas
participle of necessity — kaltinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) kaldamas
half-participle
(padalyviai)		 present kalant
past kalus
past frequentative kaldavus
future kalsiant
manner of action (būdinys) kalte, kaltinai
Synonyms
Derived terms
verbs derived from kalti

with prefixes:

  • ap-kalti
  • at-kalti
  • į-kalti
  • iš-kalti
    • (reflexive) iš-si-kalti
  • pa-kalti
  • pra-kalti
    • (reflexive) pra-si-kalti
  • pri-kalti
  • už-kalti
  • kalenti
nouns derived from kalti
  • (verbal noun) kalimas m
  • kalėjas m / kalėja f
  • kalikas m / kalikė f
  • (noun) kuolas m
See also

Participle

kalti m (past passive participle)

  1. masculine plural nominative form of kaltas.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɐlʲˈtʲɪ]

Adjective

kaltì m

  1. positive masculine plural nominative form of kaltas.
  2. positive masculine plural vocative form of kaltas.

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
  2. “kalti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
  3. “geležis” in Balčikonis, op. cit..
  • “kalti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

Old High German

Alternative forms
  • chaldī, chalte, chaltī, chaltīn, keltīn

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaldī, equivalent to kalt (“cold”) +‎ -ī.

Noun

kaltī f

  1. coldness

Declension
Declension of kaltī (īn-stem)
case singular plural
nominative kaltī —
accusative kaltī —
genitive kaltī —
dative kaltī —

Descendants
  • Middle High German: kelte
    • Alemannic German: Chälti, Chelti
    • Central Franconian: Käll
    • Cimbrian: khélte
    • German: Kälte
    • Luxembourgish: Keelt
    • Vilamovian: kełt
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