kold
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish kald, from Old Norse kaldr, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɒl/, [kʰʌlˀ]
- Rhymes: -ɒl
Inflection
| Inflection of kold | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
| Common singular | kold | koldere | koldest2 |
| Neuter singular | koldt | koldere | koldest2 |
| Plural | kolde | koldere | koldest2 |
| Definite attributive1 | kolde | koldere | koldeste |
| 1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. | |||
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kelta, of Baltic origin, compare Lithuanian geltas (“yellow”) and Latvian dzelta, dzelte (“ground pine”). Cognate to Finnish kelta.
Declension
Declension of kold (type külm)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kold | kollad |
| genitive | kolla | koldade |
| partitive | kolda | koldi / koldasid |
| illative | kolda / kollasse | koldadesse / kollisse |
| inessive | kollas | koldades / kollis |
| elative | kollast | koldadest / kollist |
| allative | kollale | koldadele / kollile |
| adessive | kollal | koldadel / kollil |
| ablative | kollalt | koldadelt / kollilt |
| translative | kollaks | koldadeks / kolliks |
| terminative | kollani | koldadeni |
| essive | kollana | koldadena |
| abessive | kollata | koldadeta |
| comitative | kollaga | koldadega |
Derived terms
German Low German
Etymology
From Middle Low German kôlt, from Old Saxon kāld.
The A became an O through the effect of the velarised L in the same manner as in Dutch koud. Cognate with Dutch koud, West Frisian kâld, German kalt, English cold, Danish kold.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰɔːɫt/
Declension
Positive forms of kold
| gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | he is kold | se is kold | dat is kold | se sünd kold | |
| partitive | een kolls | een kolls | wat kolls | allens koll | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kolle | kolle | kold | kolle |
| oblique | kollen | kolle | kold | kolle | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de kolle | de kolle | dat kolle | de kollen |
| oblique | den kollen | de kolle | dat kolle | de kollen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en kolle | en kolle | en kold/kollet | (keen) kollen |
| oblique | en kollen | en kolle | en kold/kollet | (keen) kollen | |
Comparative forms of kold
| gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | he is köller | se is köller | dat is köller | se sünd köller | |
| partitive | een köllers | een köllers | wat köllers | allens köller | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | köllere | köllere | köller | köllere |
| oblique | köllern | köllere | köller | köllere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de köllere | de köllere | dat köllere | de köllern |
| oblique | den köllern | de köllere | dat köllere | de köllern | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en köllere | en köllere | en köller | (keen) köllern |
| oblique | en köllern | en köllere | en köller | (keen) köllern | |
Superlative forms of kold
| gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | he is de Köllste | se is de Köllste | dat is dat Köllste | se sünd de Köllsten | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | köllste | köllste | köllst | köllste |
| oblique | köllsten | köllste | köllst | köllste | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de köllste | de köllste | dat köllste | de köllsten |
| oblique | den köllsten | de köllste | dat köllste | de köllsten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en köllste | en köllste | en köllst | (keen) köllsten |
| oblique | en köllsten | en köllste | en köllst | (keen) köllsten | |
| Note: This declension is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
|---|
Middle Low German
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- (Voss) IPA(key): [kold]
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