kyrkja
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse kyrkja, kvirkja, from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈcʰɪr̥ca/
- Rhymes: -ɪr̥ca
- Homophone: kirkja
Verb
kyrkja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kyrkti, supine kyrkt)
Conjugation
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að kyrkja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
kyrkt | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
kyrkjandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég kyrki | við kyrkjum | present (nútíð) |
ég kyrki | við kyrkjum |
| þú kyrkir | þið kyrkið | þú kyrkir | þið kyrkið | ||
| hann, hún, það kyrkir | þeir, þær, þau kyrkja | hann, hún, það kyrki | þeir, þær, þau kyrki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég kyrkti | við kyrktum | past (þátíð) |
ég kyrkti | við kyrktum |
| þú kyrktir | þið kyrktuð | þú kyrktir | þið kyrktuð | ||
| hann, hún, það kyrkti | þeir, þær, þau kyrktu | hann, hún, það kyrkti | þeir, þær, þau kyrktu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
kyrk (þú) | kyrkið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| kyrktu | kyrkiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að kyrkjast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
kyrkst | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
kyrkjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég kyrkist | við kyrkjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég kyrkist | við kyrkjumst |
| þú kyrkist | þið kyrkist | þú kyrkist | þið kyrkist | ||
| hann, hún, það kyrkist | þeir, þær, þau kyrkjast | hann, hún, það kyrkist | þeir, þær, þau kyrkist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég kyrktist | við kyrktumst | past (þátíð) |
ég kyrktist | við kyrktumst |
| þú kyrktist | þið kyrktust | þú kyrktist | þið kyrktust | ||
| hann, hún, það kyrktist | þeir, þær, þau kyrktust | hann, hún, það kyrktist | þeir, þær, þau kyrktust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
kyrkst (þú) | kyrkist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| kyrkstu | kyrkisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
kyrktur | kyrkt | kyrkt | kyrktir | kyrktar | kyrkt | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
kyrktan | kyrkta | kyrkt | kyrkta | kyrktar | kyrkt | |
| dative (þágufall) |
kyrktum | kyrktri | kyrktu | kyrktum | kyrktum | kyrktum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
kyrkts | kyrktrar | kyrkts | kyrktra | kyrktra | kyrktra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
kyrkti | kyrkta | kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrktu | kyrktu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrktu | kyrktu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrktu | kyrktu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrkta | kyrktu | kyrktu | kyrktu | |
Derived terms
- kyrking (“strangulation”)
- kyrkingur (“stunted growth, atrophy”)
- kyrkislanga (“boa constrictor”)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
From Old Norse kirkja, kyrkja, from Old English cirice, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Byzantine Greek κυριακόν (δόμα) (kuriakón (dóma), “Lord's (house)”), from Ancient Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²çʏrçɑ/
Noun
kyrkja f (definite singular kyrkja, indefinite plural kyrkjer or kyrkjor, definite plural kyrkjene or kyrkjone)
Etymology 2
From Old Norse kyrkja, from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną.
Verb
kyrkja (present tense kyrkjer, past tense kyrkte, past participle kyrkt, passive infinitive kyrkjast, present participle kyrkjande, imperative kyrk)
- (transitive) to strangle
References
- “kyrkja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną (“to strangle”).
Alternative forms
- kvirkja
Verb
kyrkja (singular past indicative kyrkti, plural past indicative kyrktu, past participle kyrktr)
Conjugation
| infinitive | kyrkja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kyrkjandi | |
| past participle | kyrktr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kyrki | kyrkta |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrkir | kyrktir |
| 3rd-person singular | kyrkir | kyrkti |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkjum | kyrktum |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkið | kyrktuð |
| 3rd-person plural | kyrkja | kyrktu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kyrkja | kyrkta |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrkir | kyrktir |
| 3rd-person singular | kyrki | kyrkti |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkim | kyrktim |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkið | kyrktið |
| 3rd-person plural | kyrki | kyrkti |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrk, kyrki | |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkið | |
| infinitive | kyrkjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kyrkjandisk | |
| past participle | kyrzk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kyrkjumk | kyrktumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrkisk | kyrktisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kyrkisk | kyrktisk |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkjumsk | kyrktumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkizk | kyrktuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | kyrkjask | kyrktusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kyrkjumk | kyrktumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrkisk | kyrktisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kyrkisk | kyrktisk |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkimsk | kyrktimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkizk | kyrktizk |
| 3rd-person plural | kyrkisk | kyrktisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kyrksk, kyrkisk | |
| 1st-person plural | kyrkjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | kyrkizk | |
Related terms
- kverk f
Descendants
Declension
References
- “kyrkja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press