len
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech len, from Proto-Slavic *lьnъ[1] from Proto-Indo-European *lino-.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlɛn]
- Hyphenation: len
- Rhymes: -ɛn
Declension
Derived terms
- lněný
References
- Machek, Václav (1968) Etymologický slovník jazyka českého, 2nd edition, Prague: Academia
- "len" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
Danish
Etymology
From Middle Low German lēn, from Old Saxon lēhan, from Proto-West Germanic *laihn, from Proto-Germanic *laihną (“loan”), cognate with German Lehn (Swedish län is a loan from Low German). Doublet of lån.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈleˀn]
Noun
len n (singular definite lenet, plural indefinite len)
- (historical) fief (a land given by a sovereign to a vassal in exchange for military services, especially in the Middle Ages)
- (historical) entailed estate (a property given by the king to a person with specific rules of inheritance, in Denmark 1691-1919)
- (historical) county (a regional and administrative unit, in Denmark until 1662; also used with reference to the län of modern Sweden and Finland)
Declension
Derived terms
- lensbaron
- lensgreve
- lensherre
- lensmand
- lensvæsen
References
- “len” in Den Danske Ordbog
Friulian
Related terms
Galician
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *lьnъ.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlɛn]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: len
- Rhymes: -ɛn
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | len | lenek |
| accusative | lent | leneket |
| dative | lennek | leneknek |
| instrumental | lennel | lenekkel |
| causal-final | lenért | lenekért |
| translative | lenné | lenekké |
| terminative | lenig | lenekig |
| essive-formal | lenként | lenekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | lenben | lenekben |
| superessive | lenen | leneken |
| adessive | lennél | leneknél |
| illative | lenbe | lenekbe |
| sublative | lenre | lenekre |
| allative | lenhez | lenekhez |
| elative | lenből | lenekből |
| delative | lenről | lenekről |
| ablative | lentől | lenektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
lené | leneké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
lenéi | lenekéi |
| Possessive forms of len | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | lenem | lenjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | lened | lenjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | lenje | lenjei |
| 1st person plural | lenünk | lenjeink |
| 2nd person plural | lenetek | lenjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | lenjük | lenjeik |
References
- len in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- len in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Irish
Norwegian Bokmål
Old Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *lьnъ, from Proto-Indo-European *lino-.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | len | lna, lny | lni, lnové (lnoví), lny |
| genitive | lna, lnu | lnú (lnou) | lnóv (lnuov, lnů), len |
| dative | lnu, lnovi | lnoma, lnama | lnóm (lnuom, lnům) |
| accusative | len, lna | lna, lny | lny |
| vocative | lne | lna, lny | lni, lnové (lnoví), lny |
| locative | lně (lne), lnu, lnovi | lnú (lnou) | lniech (lních), lnech, lnách |
| instrumental | lnem | lnoma, lnama | lny, lnmi, lnami |
Descendants
- Czech: len
Further reading
- “len”, in Vokabulář webový: webové hnízdo pramenů k poznání historické češtiny [online], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, 2006–2023
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьnъ, from Proto-Indo-European *lino-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɛn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛn
- Syllabification: len
Noun
len m inan
Declension
Derived terms
Romani
Romansch
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *lěnъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /léːn/, /lɛ́n/
Inflection
| Hard | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nom. sing. | lén | léna | léno |
| singular | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | lén ind léni def |
léna | léno |
| genitive | lénega | léne | lénega |
| dative | lénemu | léni | lénemu |
| accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
léno | léno |
| locative | lénem | léni | lénem |
| instrumental | lénim | léno | lénim |
| dual | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | léna | léni | léni |
| genitive | lénih | lénih | lénih |
| dative | lénima | lénima | lénima |
| accusative | léna | léni | léni |
| locative | lénih | lénih | lénih |
| instrumental | lénima | lénima | lénima |
| plural | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | léni | léne | léna |
| genitive | lénih | lénih | lénih |
| dative | lénim | lénim | lénim |
| accusative | léne | léne | léna |
| locative | lénih | lénih | lénih |
| instrumental | lénimi | lénimi | lénimi |
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- prelén
Further reading
- “len”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse linr, from Proto-Germanic *linwaz.
Declension
| Inflection of len | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
| Common singular | len | lenare | lenast |
| Neuter singular | lent | lenare | lenast |
| Plural | lena | lenare | lenast |
| Masculine plural3 | lene | lenare | lenast |
| Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| Masculine singular1 | lene | lenare | lenaste |
| All | lena | lenare | lenaste |
| 1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic | |||
Synonyms
Noun
len
References
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [lɛn˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [lɛŋ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [lɛŋ˧˧]
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Derived terms
- len lỏi