referee

See also: référée

English

Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], from past participle of Old French referer (“to relate, to refer”), from Latin referre (“to carry back, to report, to notify”); as if refer +‎ -ee, that is, the person to whom something is referred for consideration.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/
(US) IPA^(key): /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -iː

An association football referee (right) issues a yellow card to a player.

Noun

referee (plural referees)

(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.
The referee kicked Jim out of the game for fighting.
A person who settles a dispute.
(UK) A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. US English: reference.
Your application, along with letters from three referees, should be received by January 31.
An expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published.

Usage notes

In general, and as a usage guideline, a referee moves around with the game, while an umpire stays (approximately) in one place.

Related terms

ref

Translations

sport: umpire, judge of a game

Arabic: حَكَم‎ (ar) m (ḥakam)
Armenian: մրցավար (hy) (mrcʿavar)
Basque: epaile
Bulgarian: съдия́ (bg) m (sǎdijá), рефер m (refer)
Catalan: àrbitre (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 裁判 (zh) (cáipàn)
Crimean Tatar: akem
Czech: rozhodčí (cs) m
Danish: dommer (da) c
Dutch: scheidsrechter (nl)
Esperanto: decidisto, arbitraciisto
Finnish: erotuomari (fi)
French: arbitre (fr) m
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: Schiedsrichter (de) m, Schiedsrichterin (de) f
Greek: διαιτητής (el) m (diaititís)
Ancient: βραβευτής m (brabeutḗs)
Greenlandic: dommeri
Haitian Creole: abit
Hungarian: bíró (hu), spori (hu)
Irish: moltóir m, réiteoir m
Italian: arbitro (it) m
Japanese: 審判 (ja) (しんぱん, shinpan, しんばん, shinban), レフェリー (referī)
Khmer: អាជ្ញាកណ្ដាល (km) (ʼaacñiəkndaal)
Korean: 심판(審判) (ko) (simpan)
Luxembourgish: Arbitter m
Macedonian: су́дија m (súdija), судијка f (sudijka)
Malay: pengadil, wasit
Maori: rewherī, kaiwawao
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian:
Bokmål: dommer (no) m

Nynorsk: dommar m
Plautdietsch: Spellvemedla m
Polish: sędzia (pl) m, arbiter (pl) m
Portuguese: árbitro (pt) m, juiz (pt) m
Romanian: arbitru (ro) m
Russian: судья́ (ru) m (sudʹjá), рефери́ (ru) m (referí), арби́тр (ru) m (arbítr), (baseball, cricket) ампа́йр (ru) m (ampájr)
Scottish Gaelic: rèitear m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: судија m, су́дац m, су̏ткиња f

Roman: sudija (sh) m, súdac (sh) m, sȕtkinja (sh) f
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: sudnik m, sudnica f
Spanish: árbitro (es), réferi (es) m
Swedish: domare (sv) c
Thai: please add this translation if you can
Turkish: hakem (tr)
Ukrainian: суддя́ m (suddjá), рефері́ m (referí), арбі́тр (uk) m (arbítr)
Vietnamese: trọng tài (vi)

person who settles a dispute

Bulgarian: съдия́ (bg) m (sǎdijá), арбитър (bg) m (arbitǎr)
Catalan: àrbitre (ca) m
Dutch: arbiter (nl)
Finnish: välimies (fi), sovittelija (fi)
French: arbitre (fr) m
German: Schlichter (de) m (general), Schiedsmann m (in jurisdiction), Ombudsmann (de) m, Ombudsfrau (de) f (where formalized using this term)
Greek: διαιτητής (el) m (diaititís), εισηγητής (el) m (eisigitís)
Korean: 중재인(仲裁人) (ko) (jungjaein)
Macedonian: су́дија m (súdija)
Maori: rewherī
Portuguese: árbitro (pt) m, juiz (pt) m
Romanian: arbitru (ro) m, judecător (ro) m
Russian: судья́ (ru) m (sudʹjá), арби́тр (ru) m (arbítr)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: судија m, су́дац m, су̏ткиња f

Roman: sudija (sh) m, súdac (sh) m, sȕtkinja (sh) f
Spanish: árbitro (es) m
Swedish: skiljedomare c

person who writes a letter of reference

Bulgarian: референт (bg) (referent)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 證明人／证明人 (zh) (zhèngmíngrén)
Dutch: referentie (nl) c
Finnish: suosittelija (fi)
German: Empfehlungsgeber m, Befürworter (de) m, Protagonist (de) m
Irish: moltóir m
Korean: 신원보증인(身元保證人) (sinwonbojeung'in)
Macedonian: препора́чател m (preporáčatel)
Romanian: referent (ro) m
Russian: поручи́тель (ru) m (poručítelʹ), поручи́тельница (ru) f (poručítelʹnica)
Swedish: referens (sv) c

expert who judges a manuscript

Bulgarian: рецензент m (recenzent)
Finnish: arvioija (fi)
German: Rezensent (de) m, Lektor (de) m
Greek: κριτής (el) m or f (kritís)
Irish: measúnóir m
Korean: 심사원(審査員) (ko) (simsawon)
Macedonian: ве́штак m (véštak)
Russian: рецензе́нт (ru) m (recenzént)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: рецѐнзент m, рецѐнзентица f

Roman: recènzent (sh) m, recènzentica (sh) f
Spanish: árbitro (es) m, revisor m
Turkish: bilirkişi (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Slovak: ^{(please verify)} rozhodca

Verb

referee (third-person singular simple present referees, present participle refereeing, simple past and past participle refereed)

To act as a referee.
He has to referee three hockey games this weekend.

She has to finish refereeing an article for Nature.

Translations

to act as a judge of a game or contest

Bulgarian: реферирам (bg) (referiram), рецензирам (recenziram)
Danish: dømme
Esperanto: arbitracii
Finnish: tuomita (fi), toimia tuomarina, tuomaroida (fi), sovitella (fi), suositella (fi), arvioida (fi)
French: arbitrer (fr)
German: schiedsrichtern (de) (rare), pfeifen (de) (coll.)
Greek:
Ancient: βραβεύω (brabeúō)
Italian: arbitrare (it)
Macedonian: су́ди (súdi)
Maori: rewherī
Polish: sędziować (pl) impf
Portuguese: arbitrar (pt)
Romanian: arbitra (ro)
Spanish: arbitrar (es)
Swedish: döma (sv)

to settle a dispute

German: schlichten (de), entscheiden (de)

to write a letter of reference

German: empfehlen (de), beurteilen (de), befürworten (de) (if deemed supportive)

to judge a manuscript

German: lektorieren, beurteilen (de)

Finnish

Etymology

From English referee.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrefereː/, [ˈre̞fe̞re̞ː]
IPA^(key): /ˈreferiː/, [ˈre̞fe̞riː]
Rhymes: -efereː
Syllabification^(key): re‧fe‧ree

Noun

referee

referee (expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published)
Synonym: arvioija

Declension

Inflection of referee (Kotus type 20/filee, no gradation)
nominative		referee	refereet
genitive		refereen	refereiden refereitten
partitive		refereetä	refereitä
illative		refereehen refereeseen	refereihin refereisiin
		singular	plural
nominative		referee	refereet
accusative	nom.	referee	refereet
accusative	gen.	refereen	refereet
genitive		refereen	refereiden refereitten
partitive		refereetä	refereitä
inessive		refereessä	refereissä
elative		refereestä	refereistä
illative		refereehen refereeseen	refereihin refereisiin
adessive		refereellä	refereillä
ablative		refereeltä	refereiltä
allative		refereelle	refereille
essive		refereenä	refereinä
translative		refereeksi	refereiksi
instructive		—	referein
abessive		refereettä	refereittä
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of referee (type filee)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		refereeni	refereeni
accusative	nom.	refereeni	refereeni
accusative	gen.	refereeni	refereeni
genitive		refereeni	refereideni refereitteni
partitive		refereetäni	refereitäni
inessive		refereessäni	refereissäni
elative		refereestäni	refereistäni
illative		refereeheni refereeseeni	refereihini refereisiini
adessive		refereelläni	refereilläni
ablative		refereeltäni	refereiltäni
allative		refereelleni	refereilleni
essive		refereenäni	refereinäni
translative		refereekseni	refereikseni
instructive		—	—
abessive		refereettäni	refereittäni
comitative		—	refereineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		refereesi	refereesi
accusative	nom.	refereesi	refereesi
accusative	gen.	refereesi	refereesi
genitive		refereesi	refereidesi refereittesi
partitive		refereetäsi	refereitäsi
inessive		refereessäsi	refereissäsi
elative		refereestäsi	refereistäsi
illative		refereehesi refereeseesi	refereihisi refereisiisi
adessive		refereelläsi	refereilläsi
ablative		refereeltäsi	refereiltäsi
allative		refereellesi	refereillesi
essive		refereenäsi	refereinäsi
translative		refereeksesi	refereiksesi
instructive		—	—
abessive		refereettäsi	refereittäsi
comitative		—	refereinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		refereemme	refereemme
accusative	nom.	refereemme	refereemme
accusative	gen.	refereemme	refereemme
genitive		refereemme	refereidemme refereittemme
partitive		refereetämme	refereitämme
inessive		refereessämme	refereissämme
elative		refereestämme	refereistämme
illative		refereehemme refereeseemme	refereihimme refereisiimme
adessive		refereellämme	refereillämme
ablative		refereeltämme	refereiltämme
allative		refereellemme	refereillemme
essive		refereenämme	refereinämme
translative		refereeksemme	refereiksemme
instructive		—	—
abessive		refereettämme	refereittämme
comitative		—	refereinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		refereenne	refereenne
accusative	nom.	refereenne	refereenne
accusative	gen.	refereenne	refereenne
genitive		refereenne	refereidenne refereittenne
partitive		refereetänne	refereitänne
inessive		refereessänne	refereissänne
elative		refereestänne	refereistänne
illative		refereehenne refereeseenne	refereihinne refereisiinne
adessive		refereellänne	refereillänne
ablative		refereeltänne	refereiltänne
allative		refereellenne	refereillenne
essive		refereenänne	refereinänne
translative		refereeksenne	refereiksenne
instructive		—	—
abessive		refereettänne	refereittänne
comitative		—	refereinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		refereensä	refereensä
accusative	nom.	refereensä	refereensä
accusative	gen.	refereensä	refereensä
genitive		refereensä	refereidensä refereittensä
partitive		refereetään refereetänsä	refereitään refereitänsä
inessive		refereessään refereessänsä	refereissään refereissänsä
elative		refereestään refereestänsä	refereistään refereistänsä
illative		refereehensä refereeseensä	refereihinsä refereisiinsä
adessive		refereellään refereellänsä	refereillään refereillänsä
ablative		refereeltään refereeltänsä	refereiltään refereiltänsä
allative		refereelleen refereellensä	refereilleen refereillensä
essive		refereenään refereenänsä	refereinään refereinänsä
translative		refereekseen refereeksensä	refereikseen refereiksensä
instructive		—	—
abessive		refereettään refereettänsä	refereittään refereittänsä
comitative		—	refereineen refereinensä

Spanish

Noun

referee m or f (plural referees)

referee

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