rugar

Portuguese

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [huˈɡa(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɾ)/ [huˈɡa(ɾ)]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [χuˈɡa(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɻ)/ [huˈɡa(ɻ)]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡaɾ/ [ʁuˈɣaɾ]

  • Homophone: rogar (Portugal)
  • Hyphenation: ru‧gar

Verb

rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite ruguei, past participle rugado)

  1. to wrinkle

Conjugation
    Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal rugar
Personal rugar rugares rugar rugarmos rugardes rugarem
Gerund
rugando
Past participle
Masculine rugado rugados
Feminine rugada rugadas
Indicative
Present rugo rugas ruga rugamos rugais rugam
Imperfect rugava rugavas rugava rugávamos rugáveis rugavam
Preterite ruguei rugaste rugou rugamos1, rugámos2 rugastes rugaram
Pluperfect rugara rugaras rugara rugáramos rugáreis rugaram
Future rugarei rugarás rugará rugaremos rugareis rugarão
Conditional
rugaria rugarias rugaria rugaríamos rugaríeis rugariam
Subjunctive
Present rugue rugues rugue ruguemos rugueis ruguem
Imperfect rugasse rugasses rugasse rugássemos rugásseis rugassem
Future rugar rugares rugar rugarmos rugardes rugarem
Imperative
Affirmative ruga rugue ruguemos rugai ruguem
Negative (não) não rugues não rugue não ruguemos não rugueis não ruguem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin rūgō, rūgāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ruˈɡaɾ/ [ruˈɣ̞aɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: ru‧gar

Verb

rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite rugué, past participle rugado)

  1. to wrinkle

Conjugation
    Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive rugar
gerund rugando
past participle masculine feminine
singular rugado rugada
plural rugados rugadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present rugo rugastú
rugásvos		 ruga rugamos rugáis rugan
imperfect rugaba rugabas rugaba rugábamos rugabais rugaban
preterite rugué rugaste rugó rugamos rugasteis rugaron
future rugaré rugarás rugará rugaremos rugaréis rugarán
conditional rugaría rugarías rugaría rugaríamos rugaríais rugarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present rugue ruguestú
ruguésvos2		 rugue ruguemos ruguéis ruguen
imperfect
(ra)		 rugara rugaras rugara rugáramos rugarais rugaran
imperfect
(se)		 rugase rugases rugase rugásemos rugaseis rugasen
future1 rugare rugares rugare rugáremos rugareis rugaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative rugatú
rugávos		 rugue ruguemos rugad ruguen
negative no rugues no rugue no ruguemos no ruguéis no ruguen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading
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