Ovarian tumor

Ovarian tumor
Ovarian tumors by incidence and risk of ovarian cancer[1]
SpecialtyGynaecology

Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors of the ovary.[2] Not all are ovarian cancer.[2] They consists of mainly solid tissue, while ovarian cysts contain fluid.

In 2020, the WHO divided ovarian tumors as 90% epithelial, 3% germ cell, and 2% sex cord-stromal types.[3]

Serous tumors

ClassTypeSubtypesEpidemiologyCommentsMicrographImage
Serous tumor of the ovary Serous cystadenoma of the ovary Serous surface papilloma

Serous adenofibroma

Serous cystadenofibroma

Serous borderline tumor Serous borderline tumor, micropapillary variant
Serous carcinoma, non-invasive, low grade
Low grade serous carcinoma
High-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary[4]

Mucinous tumors

ClassTypeSubtypesEpidemiologyCommentsMicrographImage
Ovarian mucinous tumor Mucinous cystadenoma
Mucinous adenofibroma
Mucinous borderline tumor
Mucinous adenocarcinoma

Endometrioid tumors

ClassTypeSubtypesEpidemiologyCommentsMicrographImage
Endometrioid tumorsEndometrioid cystadenoma
Endometrioid adenofibroma
Endometrioid tumor, borderline
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Submucinous carcinoma

Germ cell tumors

TypeSubtypeRelative incidence[5]Percent malignant[5]CommentsMicrographImage
Germ cell tumorMature teratoma of the ovary[6] 20% of all ovarian tumors[6]Mostly benign, rarely become cancerous[6]Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).[7]
Hair follicles.
Immature teratoma of the ovary[8] 2.5%100%A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma.[9]
Dysgerminoma of ovary[10] 1% of all ovarian cancers[10]
Yolk sac tumor[11] 20% of cancerous ovarian germ cell tumors[11]
Embryonal carcinoma[12]
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma[13]
Mixed germ cell tumor[14]

Sex cord-stromal tumor

Sex cord-stromal tumor can be purely stromal, purely sex cord, or mixed sex-cord subtypes.[15]

TypeSubtypeRelative incidence[5]Percent malignant[5]CommentsMicrographImage
Sex cord-stromal tumor: pure stromal tumors, pure sex cord tumors and mixed sex cord-stromal tumorsOvarian fibroma 1.5%0%Spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells and abundant collagen.[16]
Adult granulosa cell tumor 1%Almost 100%Small, bland, cuboidal to polygonal cells in various patterns.[17]
Other sex cord-stromal tumors 1%Others include mainly juvenile granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and sclerosing stromal tumor[5]
Sex cord-stromal tumor NOS The number of people who have this type of tumor, and the cause of it, is not known.[15]A few may be cancerous, with a 92% 5-year survival rate.[15]Also known as neoplasms of uncertain behaviour of female genital organs and sex cord-gonadal stroll tumor, it is a tumor without clearly defined features of a particular tumor.[15] They may be solid or a mixture of solid and cystic.[15]

Surface epithelial-stromal tumor

TypeSubtypeRelative incidence[5]Percent malignant[5]CommentsMicrographImage
Surface epithelial-stromal tumorSerous tumor 25%18.5%Benign serous tumors of the right ovarian cyst are thinwalled unilocular cysts that are lined by ciliated pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar epithelium.[18]
Mucinous tumor 15%8.8%Benign mucinous tumors of the ovary consist of simple, nonstratified columnar epithelium with basally-located hyperchromatic nuclei and resemble gastric foveolar epithelium.[18]
Endometrioid tumor 1%Almost 100%Tubular glands, resembling endometrium.[19]
Other surface-epithelial tumors 1.5%Others include mainly malignant mixed mullerian tumor, Brenner tumor and mixed epithelial tumor.[5]
Brenner tumor.

Mixed tumors contain elements of more than one of the above classes of tumor histology.

References

  1. ↑ - Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
    - Minor adjustment for mature cystic teratomas (0.17 to 2% risk of ovarian cancer): Mandal, Shramana; Badhe, Bhawana A. (2012). "Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report". Case Reports in Pathology. 2012: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2012/568062. ISSN 2090-6781. PMC 3469088. PMID 23082264.
  2. 1 2 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: introduction". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 32–35. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  3. ↑ De Leo, A; Santini, D; Ceccarelli, C; Santandrea, G; Palicelli, A; Acquaviva, G; Chiarucci, F; Rosini, F; Ravegnini, G; Pession, A; Turchetti, D; Zamagni, C; Perrone, AM; De Iaco, P; Tallini, G; de Biase, D (14 April 2021). "What Is New on Ovarian Carcinoma: Integrated Morphologic and Molecular Analysis Following the New 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors". Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 11 (4). doi:10.3390/diagnostics11040697. PMID 33919741. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  4. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
  6. 1 2 3 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: mature teratoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  7. ↑ Hillary Rose Elwood. "Skin nonmelanocytic tumor - Other tumors of skin - Benign (mature) cystic teratoma". pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 November 2016. Revised: 4 April 2019
  8. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: immature teratoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  9. ↑ Sun, Hang; Ding, Hongxin; Wang, Jianjun; Zhang, Emma; Fang, Yihua; Li, Zhenhua; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Chongren; Zhao, Yifan; Chen, Kan; Wen, Siwan; Li, Liang; Shan, Shan; Hong, Liu; Chen, Face; Su, Pu (2019). "The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 408. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0. ISSN 1471-2407. PMC 6492338. PMID 31039746.
  10. 1 2 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: dysgerminoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 123–124. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  11. 1 2 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: yolk sac tumor". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 125–126. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  12. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: embryonal carcinoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  13. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: non-gestational choriocarcinoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  14. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: Mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: sex cord-stromal tumor". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 93–117. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  16. ↑ Parwate, Nikhil Sadanand; Patel, Shilpa M.; Arora, Ruchi; Gupta, Monisha (2015). "Ovarian Fibroma: A Clinico-pathological Study of 23 Cases with Review of Literature". The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 66 (6): 460–465. doi:10.1007/s13224-015-0717-6. ISSN 0971-9202. PMC 5080219. PMID 27821988.
  17. ↑ Shahrzad Ehdaivand. "Ovary tumor - Sex cord stromal tumors - Granulosa cell tumor - adult". Pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 December 2012. Revised: 9 March 2020
  18. 1 2 Baradwan, Saeed; Alalyani, Haneen; Baradwan, Amira; Baradwan, Afnan; Al-Ghamdi, Maram; Alnemari, Jameel; Al-Jaroudi, Dania (2018). "Bilateral ovarian masses with different histopathology in each ovary". Clinical Case Reports. 6 (5): 784–787. doi:10.1002/ccr3.1466. ISSN 2050-0904. PMC 5930217. PMID 29744056.
  19. ↑ Shahrzad Ehdaivand. "Ovary tumor - Endometrioid tumors - General". Pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 December 2012. Revised: 6 March 2020
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