Comparative air force officer ranks of Europe

Rank comparison chart of all air forces of European states.

Commissioned officer ranks

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Albanian Air Force[1]
Gjeneral lejtant Gjeneral major Gjeneral brigade Kolonel Nënkolonel Major Kapiten Toger Nëntoger
 Austrian Air Force[2]
General Generalleutnant Generalmajor Brigadier Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Hauptmann Oberleutnant Leutnant Fähnrich
 Belarusian Air Force[3]
Ґенэрал-палкоўнік
G̀jeneral-palkoŭnik		 Ґенэрал-лейтэнант
G̀jeneral-liejtenant		 Ґенэрал-маёр
G̀jeneral-major		 Палкоўнік
Palkoŭnik		 Падпалкоўнік
Padpalkoŭnik		 Маёр
Major		 Капітан
Kapitan		 Старшы лейтэнант
Staršy liejtenant		 Лейтэнант
Liejtenant		 Малодшы лейтэнант
Malodšy liejtenant
 Belgian Air Component[4]
Generaal Luitenant-generaal Generaal-majoor Brigadegeneraal Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein-commandant Kapitein Luitenant Onderluitenant Aspirant
Général Lieutenant général Général-major Général de Brigade Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Capitaine-commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant Aspirant
General Generalleutnant Generalmajor Brigadegeneral Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Stabshauptmann Hauptmann Leutnant Unterleutnant Aspirant
 Bulgarian Air Force[5]
Генерал
General		 Генерал-лейтенант
General-leytenant		 Генерал-майор
General-mayor		 Бригаден генерал
Brigaden general		 Полковник
Polkovnik		 Подполковник
Podpolkovnik		 Майор
Mayor		 Капитан
Kapitan		 Старши лейтенант
Starshi leytenant		 Лейтенант
Leytenant
 Croatian Air Force[6]
Stožerni general General zbora General pukovnik General bojnik Brigadni general Brigadir Pukovnik Bojnik Satnik Natporučnik Poručnik
Cyprus Air Forces[7]
Ταξίαρχος
Taxíarchos		 Σμήναρχος
Smínarchos		 Αντισμήναρχος
Antismínarchos		 Επισμηναγός
Episminagós		 Σμηναγός
Sminagós		 Υποσμηναγός
Yposminagós		 Ανθυποσμηναγός
Anthyposminagós		 Δόκιμος Έφεδρος Αξιωματικός
Dókimos Éfedros Axiomatikós
 Czech Air Force[8]
Armádní generál Generálporučík Generálmajor Brigádní generál Plukovník Podplukovník Major Kapitán Nadporučík Poručík
 Royal Danish Air Force[9]
General Generalløjtnant Generalmajor Brigadegeneral Oberst Oberstløjtnant Major Kaptajn Premierløjtnant Løjtnant Sekondløjtnant Sergent
(Officerselev)
 Estonian Air Force[10]
Kindral Kindralleitnant Kindralmajor Brigaadikindral Kolonel Kolonelleitnant Major Kapten Leitnant Nooremleitnant Lipnik
France French Air and Space Force[11]
Général d´armée aérienne Général de corps aérien Général de division aérienne Général de brigade aérienne Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant Aspirant Élève-officier
 Finnish Air Force[12]
 Officer Candidate Officer Student
Kenraali Kenraaliluutnantti Kenraalimajuri Prikaatikenraali Eversti Everstiluutnantti Majuri Kapteeni Yliluutnantti Luutnantti Vänrikki Upseerikokelas Upseerioppilas
General Generallöjtnant Generalmajor Brigadgeneral Överste Överstelöjtnant Major Kapten Premiärlöjtnant Löjtnant Fänrik Officersaspirant Officerselev
 Georgian Air Force[13]
გენერალი
Generali		 გენერალ ლეიტენანტი
General leit’enant’i		 გენერალ მაიორი
General maiori		 ბრიგადის გენერალი
Brigadis generali		 პოლკოვნიკი
P’olk’ovnik’i		 ლეიტენანტ პოლკოვნიკი
Leit’enant’ p’olk’ovnik’i		 მაიორი
Maiori		 კაპიტანი
K’ap’it’ani		 უფროსი ლეიტენანტი
Uprosi leit’enant’i		 ლეიტენანტი
Leit’enant’i
 German Air Force[14]
 Enlisted rank plus bottom thin silver
cord indicating cadet's career
General General­leutnant General­major Brigade­general Oberst Oberst­leutnant Major Stabs­haupt­mann Haupt­mann Ober­leut­nant Leut­nant Ober­fähn­rich Fähn­rich Fahnen­junker
 Hellenic Air Force[15]
Πτέραρχος
Pterarchos		 Αντιπτέραρχος
Antipterarchos		 Υποπτέραρχος
Ypopterarchos		 Ταξίαρχος
Taxiarchos		 Σμήναρχος
Sminarchos		 Αντισμήναρχος
Antisminarchos		 Επισμηναγός
Episminagos		 Σμηναγός
Sminagos		 Υποσμηναγός
Yposminagos		 Ανθυποσμηναγός
Anthyposminagos
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Hungarian Air Force[16]
 No insignia
Vezérezredes Altábornagy Vezérőrnagy Dandártábornok Ezredes Alezredes Őrnagy Százados Főhadnagy Hadnagy Honvéd­tisztje­lölt
 Iceland No air force
 Irish Air Corps[17]
Lieutenant-general
Lefteanant-ghinearál		 Major-general
Maor-ghinearál		 Brigadier-general
Briogáidire-ghinearál		 Colonel
Cornal		 Lieutenant-colonel
Lefteanant-chornal		 Commandant
Ceannfort		 Captain
Captaen		 Lieutenant
Lefteanant		 Second-lieutenant
Dara-lefteanant		 Officer cadet
Dalta oifigeach
 Italian Air Force[18]
Generale Generale di squadra aerea con incarichi speciali Generale di squadra aerea Generale di divisione aerea Generale di brigata aerea Colonnello Tenente colonnello Maggiore Primo capitano Capitano Tenente Sottotenente
Kosovo Kosovo No air force
Latvia Latvian Air Force[19]
Ģenerālleitnants Ģenerālmajors Brigādes ģenerālis Pulkvedis Pulkvežleitnants Majors Kapteinis Virsleitnants Leitnants
 Liechtenstein No air force
 Lithuanian Air Force[20]
Generolas Generolas leitenantas Generolas majoras Brigados generolas Pulkininkas Pulkininkas leitenantas Majoras Kapitonas Vyresnysis leitenantas Leitenantas Kariūnas
 Luxembourg No air force
 North Macedonia Air Force[21]
Генерал
General		 Генерал потполковник
General potpolkovnik		 Генерал мајор
General major		 Бригаден генерал
Brigaden general		 Полковник
Polkovnik		 Потполковник
Potpolkovnik		 Мајор
Major		 Капетан
Kapetan		 Поручник
Poručnik		 Потпоручник
Potporučnik
 Moldova Air Force[22]
General de corp de armată General de divizie General de brigadă Colonel Locotenent-colonel Maior Căpitan Locotenent-major Locotenent Cursant
 Monaco No air force
Montenegro Montenegrin Air Force[23]
General pukovnik General potpukovnik General major Brigadir general Pukovnik Potpukovnik Major Kapetan Poručnik Potporučnik
 Royal Netherlands Air Force[24]
Generaal Luitenant-generaal Generaal-majoor Commodore Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein Eerste luitenant Tweede luitenant Vaandrig
 Royal Norwegian Air Force[25]
General Generalløytnant Generalmajor Brigader Oberst Oberstløytnant Major Kaptein/
Rittmester		 Løytnant Fenrik Kadett
 Polish Air Force[26]
 Various
Marszałek Polski Generał Generał broni Generał dywizji Generał brygady Pułkownik Podpułkownik Major Kapitan Porucznik Podporucznik Podchorąży
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet
 Portuguese Air Force[27]
 Various
Marechal da força aérea General Tenente-general Major-general Brigadeiro-general Coronel Tenente-coronel Major Capitão Tenente Alferes Aspirante-a-oficial Cadete aluno
 Romanian Air Force[28]
Mareșal General General-locotenent General-maior General de flotilă aeriană Comandor Căpitan-comandor Locotenent-comandor Căpitan Locotenent Sublocotenent
Russian Aerospace Forces[29]
Генера́л а́рмии
Generál ármii		 Генера́л-полко́вник
Generál-polkóvnik		 Генера́л-лейтена́нт
Generál-leytenánt		 Генера́л-майо́р
Generál-mayór		 Полко́вник
Polkóvnik		 Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik		 Майо́р
Majór		 Kапита́н
Kapitán		 Старший лейтена́нт
Stárshiy leytenánt		 Лейтенант
Leytenant		 Mла́дший лейтена́нт
Mládshiy leytenánt		 Курсант
Kursant
 San Marino No air force
 Serbian Air Force and Air Defence[30]
Генерал
General		 Генерал-потпуковник
General-potpukovnik		 Генерал-мајор
General-major		 Бригадни генерал
Brigadni general		 Пуковник
Pukovnik		 Потпуковник
Potpukovnik		 Мајор
Major		 Капетан прве класе
Kapetan prve klase		 Капетан
Kapetan		 Поручник
Poručnik		 Потпоручник
Potporučnik
Slovakia Slovak Air Force[31]
Generál Generálporučík[lower-alpha 1] Generálmajor Brigádny generál Plukovník Podplukovník Major Kapitán Nadporučík Poručík
Slovenia Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence[32]
General polkovnik Generalpodpolkovnik Generalmajor Brigadni general Polkovnik Podpolkovnik Major Stotnik Nadporočnik Poročnik
 Spanish Air and Space Force[33]
Capitán general General del aire Teniente general General de división General de brigada Coronel Teniente coronel Comandante Capitán Teniente Alférez Oficial cadete Alumno
 Swedish Air Force[34]
General Generallöjtnant Generalmajor Brigadgeneral Överste Överstelöjtnant Major Kapten Löjtnant Fänrik Kadett
 Swiss Air Force[35]
General Korpskommandant Divisionär Brigadier Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Hauptmann Oberleutnant Leutnant
Général Commandant de corps Divisionnaire Brigadier Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Capitaine Premier-lieutenant Lieutenant
 Turkish Air Force[36]
 Various
[lower-alpha 2]
Mareşal Genelkurmay başkanlığı Orgeneral Korgeneral Tümgeneral Tuğgeneral Albay Yarbay Binbaşı Yüzbaşı Üsteğmen Teğmen Asteğmen Harbiyeli
 Ukrainian Air Force[37]
Генерал
Heneral		 Генерал-лейтенант
Heneral-leytenant		 Генерал-майор
Heneral-mayor		 Бригадний генерал
Bryhadnyy heneral		 Полковник
Polkovnyk		 Підполковник
Pidpolkovnyk		 Майор
Mayor		 Капітан
Kapitan		 Старший лейтенант
Starshyy leytenant		 Лейтенант
Leytenant		 Молодший лейтенант
Molodshyy leytenant		 Kурсант
Kursant
 Royal Air Force[38]
Marshal of the RAF Air chief marshal Air marshal Air vice-marshal Air commodore Group captain Wing commander Squadron leader Flight lieutenant Flying officer Pilot officer
/acting pilot officer		 Officer cadet
  Vatican City No air force
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet

See also

Notes
  1. The appropriate branch of service badge is pinned just under the top button of the for all ranks excluding full General.
  2. Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

References
  1. "GRADAT, FORCA AJRORE" (PDF). aaf.mil.al (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  2. "Dienstgrade". bundesheer.at (in German). Federal Ministry of Defence (Austria). Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  3. "Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 21.07.2009 N 388 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия по воинским званиям и внесении дополнений в Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 9 июня 2006 г. N 383"". pravo.levonevsky.org/ (in Russian). Government of Belarus. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  4. "IPR Luchtcomponent". mil.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  5. "ЗАКОН ЗА ОТБРАНАТА И ВЪОРЪЖЕНИТЕ СИЛИ НА РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ". lex.bg (in Bulgarian). Глава седма. ВОЕННА СЛУЖБА. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  6. "Oznake činova". osrh.hr (in Croatian). Republic of Croatia Armed Forces. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  7. "Βαθμοί" [Ranks]. army.gov.cy (in Greek). Cypriot National Guard. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  8. "Ranks". army.cz. Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic. 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  9. "Flyvevåbnets Gradstegn" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Danish Defence. October 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  10. "Sümboolika: Õhuväe Auastmed". mil.ee (in Estonian). Estonian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  11. "Les grades" (PDF). defense.gouv.fr (in French). Ministry of Armed Forces (France). Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  12. "Sotilasarvot Puolustusvoimissa" [Military ranks in the Defense Forces]. puolustusvoimat.fi (in Finnish). Finnish Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  13. "სამხედრო წოდებები და ინსიგნიები" [Military Ranks and Insignia]. mod.gov.ge (in Georgian). Ministry of Defense of Georgia. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  14. "Dienstgradabzeichen Luftwaffe". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  15. "Διακριτικά" [Ranks]. haf.gr (in Greek). Hellenic Air Force. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  16. Andrea, Kánya (6 May 2009). "A gallér és az ötágú csillag". honvedelem.hu (in Hungarian). Hungarian Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  17. "Air Corps Rank Markings". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  18. "Distintivi di Grado". Regolamento sull'uniforme (OD-4) (PDF) (in Italian). 2012. pp. 173–175. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  19. "Pakāpju iedalījums". mil.lv/lv (in Latvian). Latvian National Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  20. "Kariniai laipsniai" [Military Ranks]. Lithuanian Army (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  21. "УРЕДБА ЗА ОЗНАКИТЕ ЗА УНИФОРМИТЕ НА АРМИЈАТА НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА" [Regulation on the Markings for the Uniforms of the Army of the Republic Northern of Macedonia]. dejure.mk (in Macedonian). 12 November 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  22. "Epoleţi". army.md (in Romanian). Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  23. "IV. Izgled Činova u Vojsci". Official Gazette of Montenegro (in Montenegrin). 50/10: 22–28. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  24. "De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht" (PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  25. "Militære grader". forsvaret.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Armed Forces. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  26. "Sposób noszenia odznak stopni wojskowych na umundurowaniu wojsk Lądowych i sił Powietrznych" (PDF). wojsko-polskie.pl (in Polish). Armed Forces Support Inspectorate. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  27. "Postos e Distintivos". emfa.pt (in Portuguese). Portuguese Air Force. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  28. "Grade militare (Military ranks)". defense.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Defence Staff. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  29. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11 марта 2010 года № 293 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия военнослужащих и ведомственных знаках отличия"". rg.ru (in Russian). Российской газеты. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  30. "ЧИНОВИ У ВОЈСЦИ СРБИЈЕ". vs.rs (in Serbian). Serbian Armed Forces. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  31. "Označenie vojenských hodností príslušníkov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky od 1.1.2016" [Designation of military ranks of members of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic from 1.1.2016]. vhu.sk (in Slovak). Military History Institute. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  32. "Čini in razredi". slovenskavojska.si (in Slovenian). Slovenian Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  33. "Army Ranks & Insignia". ejercito.defensa.gob.es. Ministry of Defence (Spain). Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  34. "Nya gradbeteckningar införs". Försvarsmakten. 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  35. "Gradabzeichen und Farben der Achselschlaufen". vtg.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  36. "Rütbeleri". Official air force (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  37. "НАКАЗ 20.11.2017 № 606". zakon.rada.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  38. "RAF Ranks". raf.mod.uk/. Royal Air Force. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
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